Transcript QUESTION - biologyjones

AP Biology Semester 1 Jeopardy 1
A:
Biochem
& Cells
B: Cell
Structure
C: Cell
Membrane
D: Cell
Communication
E:
Energetics
F: Cell
Respiration
G:
Photosynthesis
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300
300 300 300 300
400 400 400
400 400 400 400
500 500 500
500 500 500 500
Final Jeopardy
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©Norman Herr, 2003
A-100
• ANSWER: They are insoluble in water,
contain twice as much energy as other
energy-yielding molecules, and they are a
major component of cell membranes.
• QUESTION: What are lipids?
Answer
Question
A-200
• ANSWER: The first reaction builds
molecules while removing a water
molecule, the second reaction adds a
water molecule while breaking down
molecules.
• QUESTION: What are dehydration and
hydrolysis reactions?
Answer
Question
A-300
• ANSWER:
• QUESTION:
What do diagrams
for a simple
sugar, an
unsaturated fat
and an amino
acid look like?
Answer
Question
A-400
• ANSWER: They distinguish one amino
acid from another
• QUESTION: What are side chains (or R
groups)?
Answer
Question
A-500
• ANSWER: 3 characteristics that
distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes
• QUESTION: What are 3 of:
– Prokaryotes are structurally less complex
than eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have
chromosomes enclosed in a nucleus, they are
unicellular, they do not have membranebound organelles, they do not process RNA
after transcription
Answer
Question
B-100
• ANSWER: The first type supports
ribosomes and the other is involved in
lipid synthesis
• QUESTION: Distinguish between the
major functions of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer
Question
B-200
• ANSWER: Functions of the lysosome,
cytoskeleton and Golgi apparatus
• QUESTION: What are waste
destruction, cellular support and
organization, and processing &
packaging of proteins?
Answer
Question
B-300
• ANSWER: It compartmentalizes
enzymes used to break down wastes and
cellular components when they are no
longer needed.
• QUESTION: What is the function of the
lysosome?
Answer
Question
B-400
• ANSWER: The first structure makes
rRNA and the second encloses the
nucleus but contains pores so some
materials may enter and exit
• QUESTION: What are the nucleolus and
nuclear envelope?
Answer
Question
B-500
• ANSWER: Peroxisomes (3 things)
• QUESTION: Which organelle can
detoxify alcohol and other harmful
substances, help synthesize lipids,
metabolize (break down) free radicals
and break down H2O2 to H2O
Answer
Question
C-100
• ANSWER: It is a passive process in
which molecules move from a region of
higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration.
• QUESTION: What is diffusion?
Answer
Question
C-200
• ANSWER: Active Transport
• QUESTION: What is movement of a
substance across a membrane against its
concentration gradient, with the addition
of energy?
Answer
Question
C-300
• ANSWER: The fluid mosaic model
• QUESTION: What is the term for the
model of the plasma membrane that
describes it as a lipid bilayer with
proteins moving laterally among the
lipids?
Answer
Question
C-400
• ANSWER: Integral proteins and
peripheral proteins
• QUESTION: What type of proteins
extend all the way through the plasma
membrane, and what type are just on the
exterior or interior surface?
Answer
Question
C-500
• ANSWER: Hypotonic and hypertonic (in
order)
• QUESTION: What conditions exist when
the environment outside a cell has a
lower concentration of solutes than the
cell; and what condition exists when the
environment outside a cell has a higher
concentration of solutes than the cell?
Answer
Question
D-100
• DAILY DOUBLE!
• ANSWER: Cell signaling used in each of the
following situations:
• Nearby cells
• Distant cells
• Signals from neuron (nervous tissue) cells
• QUESTION: What type of cell-to cell signaling
results in paracrine, hormonal and synaptic
communication?
Answer
Question
D-200
• ANSWER: The 3 stages of cell signaling
(in order)
• QUESTION: What are cell reception,
signal transduction and cellular response
Answer
Question
D-300
• DAILY DOUBLE!
• ANSWER: One type provides
cytoplasmic junctions between animal
cells and the other type provides channels
between plant cell walls
• QUESTION: What are gap junctions and
plasmodesmata?
Answer
Question
D-400
• ANSWER: Membrane receptors that
attach phosphates and can trigger
multiple signal transduction pathways at
once
• QUESTION: What are receptor tyrosine
kinases?
Answer
Question
D-500
• ANSWER: a receptor that works with the help
of a specific protein, which is activated when
the signal molecule attaches to the receptor
– The activated protein detaches from the receptor
and binds to an enzyme; the enzyme is activated and
the next step in the pathway to cellular response
ensues
• QUESTION: How does a G-protein-linked
receptor work?
Answer
Question
E-100
• DAILY DOUBLE!
• ANSWER: exergonic reactions (3 things)
QUESTION: In what type of reactions is:
– ΔG negative
– Energy released
– The reaction is spontaneous
– Work is done
Answer
Question
E-200
• ANSWER: In redox reactions, the first is
the substance that loses electrons, the
second gains electrons
• QUESTION: What substances are
oxidized and reduced in redox reactions?
(also, the reducing agent and oxidizing
agent; and the electron donor and
electron acceptor)
Answer
Question
E-300
• ANSWER: The molecule receiving a
phosphate group in a chemical reaction
• QUESTION: What is a phosphorylated
molecule?
Answer
Question
E-400
• DAILY DOUBLE!
• ANSWER: The mechanism by which
ATP energizes cellular processes
• QUESTION: What is energy coupling?
(or the coupling of free energy released
by ATP hydrolysis to the free energy
needed by other reactions)
Answer
Question
E-500
• ANSWER: This is how energy is
released from ATP when the terminal
phosphate bond is broken
• QUESTION: What happens in ATP
during a chemical change to a state of
lower free energy?
Answer
Question
F-100
• ANSWER: Oxygen’s role in cellular
respiration
• QUESTION: What is accepting electrons
at the end of the electron transport
chain?
Answer
Question
F-200
• ANSWER: The 3 main processes in
cellular respiration, and the 2 processes
that make up the 3rd
• QUESTION: What are glycolysis, Kreb
(citric acid) cycle, and oxidative
phosphorylation; and the electron
transport chain and chemiosmosis?
Answer
Question
F-300
• ANSWER: The 2 processes in respiration
the make ATP, the 2nd generating the
most ATP
• QUESTION: What are substrate
phosphorylation and chemiosmosis?
Answer
Question
F-400
• ANSWER: Cellular respiration without
oxygen; yeast and bacteria conduct the first
type, and muscle cells can conduct the second
type during heavy exercise
• QUESTION: What is anaerobic respiration
and what types of cells or organisms conduct
alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid
fermentation (in order)?
Answer
Question
F-500
• ANSWER: the sequence electrons travel
during aerobic respiration (4 steps)
• QUESTION: What does this sequence
represent?
– Food  NADH  electron transport chain
 oxygen
Answer
Question
G-100
• ANSWER: The 3 parts of the light
reactions, in order
• QUESTION: What are
– Photosystem II
– Electron Transport Chain
– Photosystem I
Answer
Question
G-200
• ANSWER: The primary function of the
light reactions
• QUESTION: What photosynthetic
processes yield the energy carriers ATP
and NADPH?
Answer
Question
G-300
• ANSWER: The primary function of the
Calvin cycle
• QUESTION: What is the synthesis of
simple sugars from carbon dioxide (or
carbon fixation)?
Answer
Question
G-400
• ANSWER: Type of plants whose stomata
close on hot, dry days, causing oxygen
concentration in leaves to exceed that of
carbon dioxide, reducing photosynthesis,
and the name of this effect
• QUESTION: What are CAM plants and
photorespiration?
Answer
Question
G-500
• ANSWER: The type of plants, and the
first and second cell types where carbon
fixation takes place, as an adaptation to
avoid photorespiration and still conduct
photosynthesis during the day
• QUESTION: What are C4 plants,
mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells?
Answer
Question
FINAL JEOPARDY
• ANSWER: Potential energy stored in an
electrochemical gradient, generated by
pumping H+ across biological membranes
• QUESTION: What is a proton-motive
force?
Answer
Question