Transcript Nucleic Acids - Cloudfront.net

Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid Basics
• Contain instructions to
build proteins
• 2 types:
– DNA
– RNA
Blueprint to build a car
Protein built from DNA instructions
Nucleic Acid Basics
• Contain instructions to
build proteins
• 2 types:
– DNA
– RNA
• Composed of smaller
units called nucleotides
– Monomer:
Nucleotide
– Polymer: Nucleic
acid
monomer
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
Nucleic acid
(polymer)
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
Nucleotide
Structure
• What’s a nucleotide?
Monomer of nucleic acids
monomer
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
Nucleic acid
(polymer)
nucleotide
nucleotide
nucleotide
Nucleotide
Structure
• What’s a nucleotide?
Monomer of nucleic acids
• Three parts
– Sugar molecule
– Phosphate group
– 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases
(A, T, C, or G)
• Nucleotides combine to
make nucleic acids
1 min: Discuss with your neighbor
A
1. How many nucleotides are
pictured? Six
G
2. What is this long chain of
nucleotides called? Nucleic acid
C
3. Name the blue shaped
pentagon molecule. Sugar
T
4. What are these individual
monomers called? Nucleotides
T
G
5. What will these instructions be
used to create? Protein
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
• Double Helix: 2 chains of
nucleotides
• Four nitrogen bases: Adenine,
thymine, cytosine, guanine
• Chargaff’s Rules:
– A pairs with T
– C pairs with G
(can you predict the missing
bases?)
• Gene: section of DNA that
codes for a protein
T
C
C
G
A
1
7
2
8
3
9
4
10
5
11
6
12
Ribonucleic Acid
A
C
U
U
• Single chain of nucleotides
• Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
G
Ribonucleic Acid
• Single chain of nucleotides
• Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
• Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosome
How do nucleotides bond together?
O
O P O
O
O
O P O
Sugar
O
Sugar
N base
N base
HO
HO
O P O
O
Sugar
N base
O
• Dehydration synthesis!
How do nucleotides bond together?
• Dehydration synthesis!
How do nucleic acids break apart?
OH
O P O
O
Sugar
H
N base
H
HO
OHO
O P O
O
Sugar
O
• Hydrolysis!
N base
1 min: Discuss with your neighbor
Carbohydrates
Monomer
Polymer
A?
B?
monosaccharide
Proteins
C?
polysaccharide
Protein
Amino acid
Lipids
D?
Lipid
Fatty acid
Nucleic acids
E?
Nucleotide
Nucleic acid
Kobe Kuiz
1) Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix,
Nitrogen base
2) Name the monomer of nucleic acids.
3) How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated?
RNA?
4) Name the three parts to a nucleotide.
5) What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond
with?
6) If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would
the attached DNA strand read?
7) How are DNA and RNA different? Same?
8) How does dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis differ?