Transcript 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 11
Topic: 2.3 Carbon
Based Molecules
Essential Question:
Compare
carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic
acids in a Tree Map on
pg. 10.
2.3 Carbon Based Molecules
Compare carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids in a tree
map
KEY CONCEPT
Carbon-based molecules are
the foundation of life
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
KEY CONCEPT
Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Carbon Atom
How many valence
electrons does Carbon
have?
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Carbon
• “The building block of life” -carbon atoms are the basis of
most molecules that make up living things
• Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other
atoms, including other carbon atoms.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Carbon-based molecules have three general types of
structures.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Macromolecules: very large and complex molecules
produced when carbon chains bond with carbon rings
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Carbon Video- 4 mins
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small
subunits bonded together (like links in a chain)
– Monomers are the individual subunits.
– Polymers are made of many monomers.
(mono=1)
(poly= +1)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Carbon Based Molecules Tree Map Poster
Pg. 10 in INB
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(p. 44-48) in Bio Book
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
What are
• What are
they?
they?
What are
• What is their
amino acids? function?
What do we • What are the
need them for? two types?
At least 4
• What do the
examples of
two types do?
foods with
• Pictures (p.241)
proteins
• Pictures
Make sure to copy it in your notebook P.10 !!!!
Carbohydrates
What are they?•
2 main types? •
What do we •
need them for?
•
At least 4
examples of
foods with
carbohydrates
•
Pictures
Lipids
What are they?•
2 main types?
•
What do we
need them for?
•
At least 4
examples of
•
foods with
lipids
Pictures
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in
living things.
• Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Can you think of any foods that
you eat that have carbohydrates
“carbs” in them?
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Two types of Carbohydrates:
– Monosaccharides are
simple sugars (candy, jam,
desserts)
– Polysaccharides include
starches (cereals, bread,
pasta, potatoes, and rice)
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Why do we need Carbohydrates???
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide
energy for cells.
• Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Lipids are non polar molecules composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen that include fats, oils, and
cholesterol
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Many lipids contain carbon chains called fatty acids.
– Fatty acids: chains of carbon atoms bonded to
hydrogen atoms
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
1) saturated fatty acids:
Most animal fats
Ex: milk, steak, eggs, butter
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
2) Unsaturated fatty acids:
Plant fat= oils “Good for you” fats
Ex: avocados, nuts, beans
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Hypothesize why we need lipids???
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
– broken down as a source of energy
– Store large amounts of chemical energy
– make up cell membranes/structure
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
– Amino acids: are molecules that contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
Carbon
bonding four
atoms
together
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
What types of foods give us proteins?
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Hypothesize why we need proteins?
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Proteins are used for movement, eyesight,
and digestion.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Nucleic acids biological molecules essential
for life on Earth. Made of polymers of
nucleotides.
– *They have only one job: To work together to make
proteins
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
2 Types of nucleic acids:
– DNA stores the
information for
making proteins;
stores genetic
information.
– RNA helps builds
proteins.
DNA
RNA
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
– Nucleotides are made of a sugar,
phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
A phosphate group
deoxyribose (sugar)
nitrogen-containing molecule,
called a base
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Crash Course: Carbon (start 1m40s-10m5s)
• 10-15 bullets on P. 11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnQe0xW_JY4
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
1. What three things do our
bodies use lipids for? Name
three examples of lipids.
2. What three things do our
bodies use proteins for? Name
three examples of proteins.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
1. What three things do our
bodies use lipids for? Name
three examples of lipids.
• Broken down as energy
• Make-up cell membrane
• Used to make hormones
2. What three things do our
bodies use proteins for? Name
three examples of proteins.
• Eyesight
• digestion
• movement