Transcript File

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Folic Acid and
Other Vitamins
and Minerals
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Macro vs. Micro
Macronutrients:
nutrients needed in larger amounts

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins

Provide energy
Micronutrients: nutrients needed in smaller quantities

Vitamins, Minerals

Do not provide energy
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Calcium

Best absorbed after puberty through age 25

Body’s Goal: to get enough calcium in it’s bones to last a
lifetime

Once bones begin to lose calcium, osteoporosis sets in
causing bones to fracture easily

Calcium is best absorbed when a person eats or drinks good
calcium and vitamin D foods; does weight bearing activity;
and has good estrogen or testosterone blood levels after
puberty

Sources: milk, soymilk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream, tofu,
beans, seeds, green leafy vegetables
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Iron

Blood cells low in iron are less effective in carrying oxygen,
resulting in exceptional fatigue (anemia).

Women are more likely to experience iron deficiency than
men

Sources: liver, red meats, baked beans, peas, cream of wheat,
fortified cereals, green leafy vegetables
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Folic Acid

Extremely important in forming DNA of new cells

Sources: orange juice, citrus fruits, leafy green vegetables,
beans, rice and pasta

B Vitamin that helps a baby’s neural tube (the part of a
developing baby that becomes the brain and spinal cord)
develop properly

Adequate folic acid intake is linked to a significantly reduced
risk that a baby will have defects of the brain and spinal cord,
such as spina bifida and other types of serious birth defects

A study in 2008 found that inadequate levels of folic acid are
linked to an increased risk of early miscarriage
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Not enough folic acid?
Spina Bifida
Cleft Lip
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C helps to strengthen the immune system.
Sources: orange juice, oranges, cantaloupe, broccoli, red pepper, and
kiwi.
9.NPA.2.1 Plan vegetarian diets that are
balanced and nutrient-dense.
Vegans

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Do not eat ANY meat or use any animal byproducts.
Missing from their menu: all meat, cheese and dairy
Many vegans will also not buy items made from
animals like leather shoes, bags, or use most
cosmetic products.
Can they eat jello? – No  gelatin products contain
horse hooves

Will not eat: meat (like Vegans)

Will eat: dairy products
Most
Common Type
Will not eat: Red meat,
white meat or fish
Will eat: Milk and Dairy
(Lacto) and Eggs (Ovo)
Most common type of
vegetarian

Will not eat: Red meat

Will eat: Everything else
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Health reasons
• Maintaining a Healthy Weight – nutrition review
says vegetarians weigh 4-20% less than meat
eaters
• Fruits and Vegetables are the best source of
important vitamins and minerals
• Avoid meat = avoiding food additives
• Vegetarian diets are high in fiber (helps us feel
fuller faster and longer)

Moral Objections – treatment of animals

Religious beliefs – some religions view animals as
unclean and they are not supposed to eat them or
anything cooked with their juices
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Lack of variety – need to make sure to eat different foods form
all the food groups
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Insufficient nutrients – need to monitor the following:
• Protein
• Calcium
• Iron
• B12
•
Eating Out – need to make sure broths do not contain meat
products and food is cooked on a clean surface
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How to Meet Special Dietary Needs of an Athlete
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Myth or Fact?
The more protein you eat, the
more muscle you’ll gain.
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Myth

Muscle tissue is made up of protein, and athletes do need a
bit more protein than non-athletes, but the fact is that the vast
majority of athletes meet their daily protein needs without
even really trying. Extra protein beyond what's needed is just
extra calories. Leaner sources of protein with other food
groups is recommended.
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What Is the Best Diet for Athletes?

All athletes need a diet which provides
energy in the form of carbohydrates
and fat as well as essential protein,
vitamins, and minerals.

55-60% of calories should come from
carbohydrates.

No more than 30% of calories should
come from fat.

10-15% of calories should come from
protein.
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A Pre-Game Meal Consumed 3-4 Hours
Before Activity is Optimal to Fuel Working
Muscles
 Most
research recommends pre-game meals which
provide 500-1,000 calories.
 The
meal should be high in starch, which breaks
down more easily than protein and fats.
 The
starch should be in the form of complex
carbohydrates (breads, cold cereals, pasta, fruit, and
vegetables). These are digested at a rate which
provides consistent energy to the body.
+ A Pre-Game Meal Consumed 3-4 Hours
Before Activity is Optimal to Fuel Working
Muscles
 Avoid
meals high in fat as it takes
longer to digest.
 Take
in adequate fluids. Avoid
caffeine which can lead to
dehydration by increasing urination.
 For
protein – Take in small amounts
of lean meat, legumes, dried beans,
or eggs. These are just a few
examples. Make wise choices baked or broiled vs. fried.
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Nutrition after Exercise

Post exercise is the optimal
time to increase glycogen
stores.

No matter how intense the
exercise, it is important to
drink plenty of water and eat
a balanced meal which has
adequate amounts of
carbohydrate-rich foods such
as grains, pasta, vegetables,
and fruits.