Transcript Biology 2.3 Carbon Compounds

Biology 2.3 Carbon Compounds
Why carbon?
Read p44
Draw two diagrams to show why an entire branch of
chemistry is devoted to studying carbon
Carbon atoms form 4 bonds
And so, carbon can bond to other
carbons and elements such as H, N, O,
and P to form large complex molecules.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Macromolecules
Macromolecules
Smaller units, or
monomers, join together
to form polymers.
Monomers in a polymer
may be identical, or
different.
Four major groups of organic
compounds found in living things
are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Biology 2.3 Carbohydrates p45
Important source of energy for living things
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Why is it called a carbohydrate?
Carbon (carbo-)
and water (H2O) hydrate
Carbohydrates can form large polymers
Here is an illustration of the polymer, starch.
What is the monomer of which
starch is made?
Carbohydrates
Made of carbon, hydrogen and water
•glucose
energy
for most
all cells
•starch a long
chain of
glucose
Lipids
Not soluble in water
Made mostly of carbon and
hydrogen
Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
Important for
Energy Storage
Waterproof membranes
A typical fat is made of 3 fatty acid
molecules attached to glycerol
Lipids
Not soluble in water
A typical fat is made of 3 fatty acid
molecules attached to glycerol
Quic kTime™ and a
TIFF (Unc ompres sed) dec ompres sor
are needed to see this pic ture.
Nucleic Acids
Macromolecules containing hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus
Monomer=
nucleotide
Nucleic Acids
Macromolecules containing hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus
Store and transmit genetic
information
DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA= ribonucleic acid
Proteins
Macromolecules containing mostly
nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
Made up of Amino Acids
Proteins
Made up of Amino Acids
Amino Acids have
Amino group (NH2) on one end,
Carboxyllic acid group (COOH) on the other end
Proteins
The instructions for arranging many
amino acids into a protein are coded in
your DNA.
Proteins
Some proteins control the rate of
reactions and regulate cell
processes (enzymes)
Some proteins are used to form
bones and muscles.
Other proteins transport substances
into or out of cells or help to fight
disease.
Proteins
Four levels of organization:
1. Order of amino acids.
2. The amino acids within a chain can be
twisted or folded.
3. The chain itself is folded.
4. If a protein has more than one chain,
each chain has a specific arrangement
in space.