Transcript Unit 4: Cellular Energy

Unit 4: Cellular Energy
Chapter 8
What is Metabolism?
Metabolism: All of the chemical
reactions that occur within an organism.
There are 2 Types of metabolic reactions:
» Catabolic
» Anabolic
Catabolic: Releases energy by breaking
down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
Breaking Down!
Example of Catabolic Reaction:
Cellular Respiration: Catabolic
pathway in which organic molecules are
broken down to release energy for use
by the cell
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
Energy
Anabolic: Uses energy released by
catabolic pathways to build larger molecules
from smaller molecules
Ever hear about “Anabolic Steroids” in the news?
Building up
Example of Anabolic Reaction:
Photosynthesis: Two-phase anabolic
pathway in which the sun’s light energy
is converted to chemical energy for use
by the cell.
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
Sun Light
Glucose
Oxygen
What is Metabolism?
The relationship of anabolic and
catabolic pathways results in the
continual flow of energy within
organisms.
Clicker Question #1
The building of materials is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.
homeostasis
anabolic
catabolic
ATP
Clicker Question #2
Which of the following is an
example of an anabolic process?
a.
b.
c.
d.
photosynthesis
homeostasis
cellular respiration
transpiration
Clicker Question #3
Which of the following are
products of photosynthesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Carbon dioxide & water
Glucose only
Glucose & carbon dioxide
Glucose & oxygen
Clicker Question #4
Which of the following are
products of cellular respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Carbon dioxide, water, & ATP
Glucose & oxygen
Carbon dioxide & ATP
Glucose & carbon dioxide
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP):
Energy-carrying biological molecule, which,
when broken down, drives cellular activities.
What is ATP?
ATP is holding the ENERGY in the
last phosphate….
Pop off the last one!
When the last phosphate is POPPED off, it
releases energy for the cell to use…
& turns into ADP
What is ATP?
ATP holds/stores energy
When last phosphate is popped
off, ENERGY is RELEASED!
Clicker Question #5
What does ATP do?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Stores energy
Gets rid of energy
Maintains homeostasis
Breaks down molecules
Clicker Question #6
How does ATP release energy?
a. It just gives it away
b. When the bond between the 2nd
& 3rd phosphate is broken
c. When the bond between the 1st
& 2nd phosphate is broken
d. It never releases energy
Clicker Question #7
Once the last phosphate is broken off
and energy is released, what does ATP
turn into?
a. Glucose
b. Carbon dioxide
c. NADP+
d. ADP
Where does ATP
come from?
Where does ATP come from?
• Mitochondria (in plants & animals), break down
food (glucose) to make ATP (ENERGY).
•BUT
An animal (consumer) must EAT a plant to
get the food (glucose).
Where does the food (glucose) come from?
What starts the food chain?
Photosynthesis in plants
What happens during photosynthesis?
* Photosynthesis occurs inside chloroplasts
* Chlorophyll is the green coloring inside the
chloroplasts that absorb the sunlight
Released into
the atmosphere
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
Glucose = Food
Sent to Mitochondria
to process it into
ENERGY (ATP)
Oxygen
What happens during photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis Video
Clicker Question #8
Where does photosynthesis take place?
a. Ribosomes
b. Cell membrane
c. Mitochondria
d. Chloroplasts
Clicker Question #9
During photosynthesis, what is released
into the atmosphere?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Glucose
c. Oxygen
d. Water
Clicker Question #10
What is the main purpose for photosynthesis?
a. To make carbon dioxide
b. To make glucose
c. To make oxygen
d. To make water
Clicker Question #11
These are found in plants and are used
to capture & absorb sunlight:
a. Mitochondria
b. Chlorophyll
c. Ribosomes
d. Cell Wall
What’s next?
• After photosynthesis, and glucose is made:
* In plants…it is sent to the mitochondria
* In animals…they must eat the plant and
the food is sent to the mitochondria
What’s next?
Cellular Respiration is next!
What are the two types of cellular respiration?
• Anaerobic: metabolic process without oxygen
• Aerobic: metabolic process with oxygen
Cellular Respiration is an aerobic
process…it NEEDS oxygen!
What happens during cellular respiration?
* Aerobic…needs oxygen
* Occurs in Mitochondria
* Glucose is broken down & ATP molecules
are made
Released
When you
exhale
Released
When you
exhale
Glucose
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
Broken down
Pop the
phosphate off
releases energy
What happens during cellular respiration?
1 molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP
Cellular Respiration Video
Clicker Question #12
What is the main purpose of
cellular respiration?
a. To make carbon dioxide
b. To make energy
c. To make water
d. To make glucose
Clicker Question #13
What waste products are released
during cellular respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide & water
b. Glucose & oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide & glucose
d. Carbon dioxide only
Clicker Question #14
How many ATP are made from 1
molecule of glucose?
a. 2
b. 20
c. 26
d. 36
Clicker Question #15
Where does cellular
respiration occur?
a. Ribosomes
b. Chloroplasts
c. Mitochondria
d. Chlorophyll
Clicker Question #16
What is aerobic?
a. A process maintaining balance
b. A process that requires oxygen
c. A process that does not require oxygen
d. A process that makes ATP
There are two types of anaerobic respiration
• Fermentation: Keep cellular respiration going if
there is no or not enough oxygen is available (2 types)
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation: During cellular
respiration, if not enough oxygen is present (like during
lots of exercise), lactic acid fermentation begins to keep
the cycle going.
- When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, the muscles become sore.
- Many microbes use this process and are used to make cheese, yogurt,
and sour cream.
Lactic acid Video…silly but “on point”
There are two types of anaerobic respiration
2. Alcohol Fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some
bacteria when oxygen is not available to create…..
Alcohol
Rotting fruit can also ferment…creating alcohol
Clicker Question #17
Lactic acid fermentation occurs when
the body does not get enough:
a. Protein
b. Energy
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon Dioxide
Clicker Question #18
Lactic acid causes:
a. Glucose to be the product
b. Energy to be released
c. The making of alcohol
d. Muscle soreness
Clicker Question #19
Lactic acid fermentation & alcohol
fermentation are examples of:
a. Homeostasis
b. Catabolic reactions
c. Aerobic processes
d. Anaerobic processes
Clicker Question #20
The following equation represents:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
a. Homeostasis
b. Photosynthesis
c. Cellular Respiration
d. None of the above
The End
Clicker Answers
1. a
2. a
3. d
4. a
5. a
6. b
7. d
8. d
9. c
10. b
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
b
b
a
d
c
b
c
d
d
c