Transcript PS-3 Test Review with answers

PS 3- Properties of
Matter
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What is the physical property of
a substance?
A characteristic that can be
observed directly or measured
with a tool WITHOUT changing
the composition of it
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What is the chemical property of
a substance?
The ability of a substance to
undergo a change that will alter
the composition
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What is boiling point,
melting/freezing point?
A measurement of the
temperature at which the phase
change takes place
What is density?
Relationship between mass and
volume
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What is the relationship between
phase change and density?
Density changes with phase
change
What is the density formula?
D=m/v
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Why is density a physical
property?
Composition does not change
when you measure mass and
volume
How do you find the volume of a
regular and an irregular object?
Formula; water displacement
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If a substance is soluble in a
solvent it will _______________
in that solvent
dissolve
What is solubility?
the maximum amount of a
solute that can dissolve in a
solvent
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What is a saturated solution?
The maximum amount of solute
is dissolved in solvent at a
certain temperature
What are examples of solids,
liquids, and gases that readily
dissolve in water?
Sugar; alcohol; carbon dioxide
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What is a solution?
Composed of 2 substances
which retain their own properties
Viscosity is a property of
_____________.
fluids
Viscosity is the resistance of a
substance to ____________.
flow
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Viscosity will change with
________________________.
temperature
A fluid does not change when
poured; therefore viscosity is a
________________ property.
Physical
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The ability of a solid to act as an
electrical conductor or an
electrical insulator is based on
the solids ability to complete an
_____________ ____________.
Electric circuit
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Materials such as metal with high
conductivity are called electrical
_________________.
conductor
Material such as sulfur (a
nonmetal) with low conductivity
are called electrical insulators and
do not allow current to
___________.
flow
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Solutes that dissolve in water
that result in solutions that allow
electric current to flow are called
______________. Electrolyte
solutions contain ___________.
electrolytes
ions
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What is a chemical property?
Characteristic that allows a
substance to undergo a
chemical change
A chemical change produces a
_______ substance.
new
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Combustibility
Hydrocarbon and oxygen =
carbon dioxide and water
Oxidize
Iron rusting
Corrode
Silver tarnishing
Decompose
Hydrogen peroxide => water and
oxygen
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React with acids
Zinc and HCl=> hydrogen
balloon
Ability not to react
Gold
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All organic substances contain
________________.
carbon
_____________ are long chains
of amino acids. They serve as
____________ and
____________ __________ in
humans.
Proteins; enzymes; tissue building
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___________ are molecules such
as ___________ and
_____________ that provide
energy.
Carbohydrates; sugars; starches
___________ are _________
and _________ that produce
more energy per gram than
carbohydrates.
Lipids; fats; oils
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What are hydrocarbons?
Contain H and C; combustible
Copper is _________ and
conducts ______________ so it
is used in wiring.
Ductile; electricity
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Aluminum has a low
__________ compared to
substances with similar strength,
so it is used in airplanes.
density
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Water is a good ___________
for many compounds, so it is
used to wash clothes.
solvent
Argon is an _____________ gas
that will not react with the
filament, so it is used in light
bulbs.
Inert/stable
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Elemental substances
(elements) are composed of
only one type of ____________.
atom
An atom is the __________ unit
of an element that can be
involved in a chemical reaction.
smallest
All elements are listed on the
___________ ___________
Periodic table
 Molecular substances are
composed of ______ or more
atoms covalently bonded
together to make units called
__________________.
 2; molecules
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The chemical and physical
properties of a molecular
substance are _____________
from the chemical and physical
properties of the component
elements.
different
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Examples of molecules
CO2, SO2, H2O and H2
Examples of individual atoms
Na, Ar, He, Cu
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A ______________ is a pure
substance which is composed of
only one type of atom.
element
A ______________ is a pure
substance which is composed of
more than one type of element.
compound
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Properties of a compound:
Are different than the elements
that make them up
Matter that is composed of 2 or
more component substances
which retain their own identifying
properties, the matter is
classified as a _____________.
mixture
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A mixture can be separated
physically because the
components of the mixture have
different physical properties.
Ways to separate are
Dissolving, decanting, filtering,
magnetic separation,
evaporating, chromatography,
screening
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Mixtures can be classified into
two groups _______________
and __________________
Heterogeneous; homogeneous
Components are not distributed
evenly throughout a
_______________ mixture.
Heterogeneous
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Components are distributed
evenly throughout a
_______________ mixture.
homogeneous
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Mixtures can occur between:
Gas/gas- air
Gas/liquid- O2 in water
Liquid/liquid- alcohol in water
Solid/liquid- sugar in H2O
Solid/solid- steel
MATTER
MIXTURES
Homogeneous
mixtures
Heterogeneous
mixtures
SUBSTANCES
Elements
Compounds
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What are the 3 components of
the kinetic theory?
Matter made up of particles
Constant, random motion
Collide with each other and the
walls of their container
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The higher the temperature the
___________ the rate of
dissolving for a solid in a liquid
faster
The smaller the size of the
pieces of solute the _________
they dissolve.
faster
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The more the solution is
agitated (stirred or shaken) the
__________ they dissolve.
faster
Characteristics of solids:
Particles are close together
Vibrate
Definite shape
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Characteristics of liquids:
Particles are in contact
Slip and slide
Poured
No definite shape
Characteristics of gases:
Particles far apart; move fast
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Characteristics of plasma:
Positive and negative charged
particles
Most common in universe
The average kinetic energy of
particles is called the
___________________.
temperature
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What are the evidence(s) that
the particles of a substance
speed up when heated?
Temperature increases
Phase change occurs
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What happens to the
temperature during a phase
change?
Stays constant
Can liquids evaporate at any
temperature?
yes
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What is sublimation?
Solid to gas (dry ice)
What is an acid?
Release H+ ions in a solution
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What is a base?
Release OH -1 in a solution
What is the pH scale?
Way to measure concentration
of H+ ions AND measures how
acidic or basic something is
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How do you measure pH?
pH paper, litmus paper, pH
meters
What is the pH range?
0-14
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What is the pH of pure water?
7
What is the pH of acids?
Less than 7
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What is the pH of bases?
Greater than 7
What are properties of acids?
Electrolytes; sour taste; litmus
red; pH less than 7; react with
metals; H written first
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What are properties of bases?
Slippery; electrolytes; pH more
than 7; litmus blue; OH written
last
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What is neutralization?
Acid + base => salt and water