Transcript BEST - Doral Academy Preparatory

Chemical Compounds in Cells
Elements – Any substance that can not be broken
down into simpler substances. Made up of atoms
(building blocks of matter)
Compounds – When two or more elements
chemically combine.
Organic – Made up of carbon.
Inorganic – Does not have carbon.
H2O
Why Water?
• Water makes up 2/3 of
your body.
• Dissolves chemicals.
• Chemical reactions
can’t take place
without it.
• Help keep cell size and
shape.
• Keeps temperature
stable.
Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates
Organic compounds : “Food” for the cell and help in
growth and development of cell structures.
1.)
Carbohydrates – energy-rich organic compound made of C,
H and O.
Ex: Sugars and Starches
Proteins
2.) Proteins – Large organic molecule made of H, C, O, N and
sometimes S.
Ex: Meats, beans, eggs, fish
-Proteins are made up of amino acids – 20 common amino
acids can combine to make thousands of different
proteins.
-A protein called an enzyme speeds up chemical reactions
in the cells.
Lipids (Fats)
3.) Lipids - Energy-rich organic compound made of C,
H and O. They store energy for the cell.
Ex: fats, oils and waxes
Nucleic Acids
4.) Nucleic Acids – Very long organic molecules made
of C, O, H, N and P.
Contain instructions cells need for life.
a.) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): genetic material
carried from parent
to offspring.
b.) RNA (Ribonucleic acid): plays a role in the
production of proteins.
The Cell and It’s Environment
Passive Transport
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
• Active transport
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
The Cell and Its Environment
Passive Transport – When the cell does
not use its own energy to move
molecules across a membrane.
Diffusion
1. Diffusion – Method in
which small molecules
move across a semipermeable membrane.
*Molecules move from an
area of higher
concentration to an
area of lower
concentration until
equilibrium is reached.
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__h
ow_diffusion_works.html
Cont……
2. Osmosis – The diffusion of water across a
semi-permeable membrane.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdiJtDRJ
QEc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Rd2bEp380w&fea
ture=related
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter
2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html
Facilitated Diffusion
Transport proteins move
larger molecules from an
area of high to low
concentration.
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/007249585
5/student_view0/chapter
2/animation__how_facilit
ated_diffusion_works.htm
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Movement Using Energy
Active Transport – When the cell does use its own
energy to move molecules across a
membrane by using Transport Proteins that
pick up molecules and pass them in or out.
*Can be from low concentration to high.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STzOiRqzzL4&
feature=related
Moving Large Particles
• Endocytosis: Cell
Membrane changes
shape and engulfs
particle.
• Exocytosis: Cell
memebrane changes
shape to let particle
leave the cell.
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=W6rnhiMxt
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