Transcript 1665- THE CELL THEORY -1839

Cell: the basic
structure of a living
thing.
1665- THE CELL THEORY -1839
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All living things are
made of cells.
Cells are reproduced
from other cells.
Cells do all of life’s
functions (features).
Famous Cell Dudes
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1665- Hooke= 1st Cell discovered
 1830- Brown= Nucleus(little nut)
 1838- Schleiden= Plants have
cells
 1838- Schwann= Animals have
cells
“CELL THEORY STATED”
 1858-Virchow=Cells reproduce
cells
Women Biologists
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Dr. Saba Valadkhan- genetics of
disease
Jane Goodall- animal behavior
Ruth Arnon- biochemistry
Florence Wambugu- African
botanist
Patricia Gowaty- evolution
Mina Bissell- genetics of breast
cancer
and thousands of others!!
20th Century!!
Electron microscopes
which magnify things
100’s of thousands of
times bigger allows
us to identify many
cell parts and jobs.
Fly(100x)
White
Blood
Cell
(5000X)
Hair
(5000X)
Sperm + Egg
(5000)
Steel (10,000)
Smaller parts in the cell
10,000x
Bacteria (26,000)
Cell Organelles –
the little parts of a
cell that perform
the life functions
for the cell.
Each part within a cell
has a function!
 Nucleus-
control
center of cell, contains
DNA info.
– contains chromosomesbits of genetic
information about the
organism
Cell Parts
Cell Membrane- outer
“skin” which controls
what enters and
leaves.
 Cytoplasm- the fluid
that holds the parts.
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Plants have a few parts that animals do not.
Plant Cell Parts:
 Cell
Wall- thick
structure outside
each cell that
supports the
entire plant.
“bricks on a wall”
Plant Parts
 Chloroplast-
contains
green chlorophyll.
Site of
photosynthesis- light
is absorbed and
carbon dioxide and
water are turned into
glucose(food) and
oxygen.
Cell Parts
 Mitochondria-
-
“Powerhouses” of
the cell. Converts
food to energy.
Burning food with
oxygen(respiration)
Wow!
Cell Parts
 Vacuoles-
storage
spaces for water,
food, wastes, etc.
 Ribosomes- protein
factories. Convert
food into your
proteins.
Cell Parts(cont.)
Some of the ribosomes
are attached to
tunnels called:
 Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)tunnels which carry
various substances
through and in and
out of a cell.
The cell membrane has small
holes in it!
What goes in and
out a membrane is
determined by the
size of the particle
and the fact that
particles are
always moving.
#1. Molecules are in constant
motion.
Solids
Liquids
Gases
#2. Molecules move from
where there are many to
where there are few=
DIFFUSION
This same diffusion
can occur across a
cell membrane!
#3. Water molecules
moving through a
membrane occurs easiest
and is called OSMOSIS.
#4. Molecules eventually
spread out evenly to
reach EQUILIBRIUM.
Diffusion and Osmosis Movie1, Movie 2
All cells in living things perform
the 9 characteristics of Life.
Cell: the basic structure
of a living thing.
Many cells of the same
kind are called ...
...Tissue- a group of similar
cells
Bone
Root Tip
A group of different tissues
combine to form an ...
... Organ- different tissues
working together to perform a
function.
Connect several organs
together and you have a ...
... System- a group of organs
working together for a general
goal
Several systems working
together make an ...
...Organism- a complete
living thing
However many of the organisms
we will study first consist of
only one cell!! They are called
Microorganisms