Transcript CH 3 SEC 3

CH 3 SEC 3
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN
CELLS
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PURPOSE/GOAL – LEARN WHAT CELLS
USE AND NEED FOR SURVIVAL.
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
 ELEMENTS- ARE THE BASIC
BUILDING BLOCKS FOR….. EVERYTHING
IS MADE OF MATTER
 EX- OXYGEN AND NITROGEN ARE
ELEMENTS. NAME SOME OTHERS?
 KEY- AN ELEMENT IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT
CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO ANY
OTHER SUBSTANCES.
 KEY- THE SMALLEST UNIT OF AN ELEMENT
IS CALLED AN ATOM
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
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KEY- WHEN 2 OR MORE ELEMENTS
COMBINE CHEMICALLY, THEY FORM A
COMPOUND
KEY- CARBON DIOXIDE IS A
COMPOUND MADE OF CARBON AND
OXYGEN
WATER- H2O? WHAT? MAKES UP 2/3
OF YOUR BODY! ESSENTIAL FOR
MOST LIFE AS WE KNOW IT!
http://www.brainpop.com/science/e
arthsystem/water/
IN/ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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KEY- MOST CHEMICAL REACTIONS
WITHIN CELLS COULD NOT TAKE
PLACE WITHOUT WATER!
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KEY- CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS,
PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
ARE IMPORTANT GROUPS OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT PLAY A
ROLE IN THE FUNCTION OF CELLS
CARBOHYDRATES
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CARBOHYDRATE- IS AN ENERGY RICH
COMPOUND MADE OF THE ELEMENTS
CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN.
EX- SUGARS AND STARCHES LIKE FRUITS,
POTATOES, PASTA, RICE, ….ETC
KEY- IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING ENERGY
FOR THE CELL, CARBOHYDRATES ARE
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF SOME CELL
PARTS
EX- THE CELL WALL AND CELL MEMBRANE
ARE MADE MOSTLY OF CARBOHYDRATES
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http://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/c
arbohydrates/
LIPIDS
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LIPIDS- ARE ENERGY RICH ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS MADE OF CARBON,
HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN.
EX- FATS, OILS, AND WAXES ARE ALL LIPIDS
KEY- CONTAIN MORE ENERGY THAN
CARBOHYDRATES. CELLS STORE ENERGY
IN LIPIDS FOR LATER USE
EX- BEAR HIBERNATION
KEY- IN ADDITION TO THEIR FUNCTION AS
AN ENERGY SOURCE, LIPIDS ALSO MAKE
UP MOST OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
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http://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/fa
ts/preview.weml
PROTEINS
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PROTEINS- ARE LARGE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
MADE OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN,
NITROGEN , AND,, IN SOME CASES, SULFUR
EX- MEAT, EGGS, FISH, NUTS, AND BEANS
AMINO ACIDS- ARE SMALLER MOLECULES THAT
MAKE UP PROTEINS. THERE ARE ONLY 20
COMMON AMINO ACIDS BUT THEY COMBINE TO
FORM THOUSANDS OF DIFFERENT PROTEINS
(THINK ALPHABET)
KEY- THE PROTEINS KNOWN AS ENZYMES
PERFORM IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS IN THE
CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN
CELLS
PROTEINS CONT’D
ENZYME- IS A TYPE OF PROTEIN THAT
SPEEDS UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN
A LIVING THING.
 KEY- WITHOUT ENZYMES, MANY
CHEMICAL REACTION THAT ARE
NECESSARY FOR LIFE WOULD EITHER
TAKE TOO LONG OR NOT OCCUR AT
ALL
 EX- (SALIVA)
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NUCLEIC ACID
NUCLEIC ACIDS- ARE VERY LONG
ORGANIC MOLECULES MADE OF
CARBON, H, N, PHOSPHORUS.
 KEY- NUCLEIC ACIDS CONTAIN THE
INSTRUCTIONS THAT CELLS NEED TO
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CARRY OUT……. ALL
THE
FUNCTIONS OF LIFE
2 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACIDS-
DNA- IS GENETICS MATERIAL THAT GETS
PASSED ON FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING
AND DIRECT ALL OF THE CELLS FUNCTION
 LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS
 RIBONUCLEIC ACID- RNA- PLAYS AN
IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION OF
PROTEINS
 LOCATED IN THE CYTOPLASM AND
NUCLEUS
ASSESSMENT
WRITE THE Q AND A
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WHAT IS A COMPOUND? EXAMPLE?
NAME FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IMPORTANT TO LIVING
THINGS
WHAT ARE 3 IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS
WATER PREFORMS IN CELLS?
WHICH OF THE FOUR TYPES OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS GIVE CELLS ENERGY?
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS?
http://www.brainpop.com/science/matteran
dchemistry/bodychemistry/
 http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlif
eandgenetics/dna/
 http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlif
eandgenetics/dna/
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