Transcript Ch 4 & 5 - Organic Chemistry

During the early part of World War II a brigade
of French soldiers were trapped by a superior force
of German force and unable to escape. The French
were without adequate food and virtually out of
water for several hot September days.
When they finally escaped the encirclement,
the soldiers retreated. They came across a farm
with many bee hives and quickly removed the
combs and ate large amounts of honey.
All but one perished within several hours.
WHY??? (They did not die from enemy fire or bee
stings.)
Organic Chemistry
Carbon
• Living things are mostly made
of very few elements
•CHONPS
• Carbon is the most useful
• Plants take in carbon from CO2 .
Carbon
• Organic chemistry is the study
of carbon compounds
• Vitalism vs. mechanism.
Remember Miller?
Isomers
• Structural
• Geometric
• Enantiomers
Isomers
• Structural
vs.
• Geometric
• Enantiomers
Isomers
• Structural
vs.
• Geometric
vs.
• Enantiomers
Isomers
• Structural
vs.
• Geometric
vs.
• Enantiomers
vs.
Functional Groups
•
•
•
•
•
•
hydroxyl
carbonyl
carboxyl
amino
sulfhydryl
phosphate
-OH
>CO
-COOH
-NH2
-SH
-OPO32-
ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate is the
primary energy source for the cell
℗-℗-℗-adenosine
ATP → ADP + energy.
Macromolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates
• Sugars (CH2O)
• Dehydration → polymers
• Storage polymers
• Structural polysaccharides .
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
2OH
starch
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH
cellulose
2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH
Lipids
• Fats
• Fatty acid has hydroxyl group
• Triglycerides
• Saturated and unsaturated
• Phospholipids
• Steroids.
fatty acid
fatty acid
glycerol
dehydration
synthesis
dehydration
synthesis
dehydration
synthesis
triglyceride
saturated
saturated
unsaturated
phospholipid
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
cholesterol
OH
OH
CH3
CH3
testosterone
O
OH
CH3
estradiol
OH
Concept Check Questions
Concept Check Questions
Draw a structural
formula for C2H4.
Concept Check Questions
What is the chemical
similarity between
gasoline and fat?
Concept Check Questions
What does the term
“amino acid” signify
about the structure of
such a molecule?
Concept Check Questions
How many molecules of
water are needed to
completely hydrolyze a
polymer that is 10
monomers long?
Concept Check Questions
After you eat a slice of apple,
which reactions must occur
for the amino acid monomers
in the protein of the apple to
be converted into proteins in
your body?
Concept Check Questions
A dehydration reaction
joins two glucose
molecules to form maltose.
The formula for glucose is
C6H12O6. what is the
formula for maltose?
Concept Check Questions
Compare and contrast
starch and cellulose.
Concept Check Questions
Compare the structure
of a fat with that of a
phospholipid.
Concept Check Questions
How do saturated fats
differ from unsaturated
fats, both in structure
and behavior?
.