Transcript Status of Harmonization of Forest Related Reporting in the

A Gender Analysis
on Food Security Statistics
from
National Household Income and
Expenditures Surveys (NHIES)
by
Seeva RAMASAWMY
(FAO Statistics Division)
FOOD SECURITY
 A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have
physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and
nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.
 Food Availability ; Food Access and Food Utilization at the
household level.
PURPOSE
 Provides analysis of gender dynamics relating to food
insecurity based on food security statistics derived from the
NHIES
 Inputs for planning geared toward promoting gender
equality, equity and female empowerment within a
framework of national development
 Important to understand gender dynamics of food security
in developing countries (given trends of increasing female
headship—and management—of rural agricultural
households)
 Allow for effective monitoring and evaluation of policies and
programmes
OUTLINE
1. Indicators of Food Insecurity
2. Food Security Statistics Module Software
3. Selected Food Insecurity Indicators from Philippines
FIES 2003
4. Conclusion
INDICATORS OF FOOD INSECURITY
 MDG Hunger Indicator 1.9:
Reduce the proportion of population below minimum
level of dietary energy consumption (MDER) by half by
2015.
 World Food Summit Target:
Reduce the number of undernourished people by half by
2015.
ASSESSING FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION
USING A SET OF FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS
 Food Deprivation (MDG & WFS hunger indicators)
 Minimum food needs
 Critical food poverty
 Intensity of food inadequacy/Depth of hunger
 Food consumption (Quantity, Monetary & Nutrient values)
 Food access
 Diet composition, quality and diversity
 Micronutrient analysis (Protein quality and Amino acids)
ASSESSING FOOD INSECURITY BY ANSWERING
KEY QUESTIONS
 Who are the food insecure population groups?
 Where are these food insecure population groups





located?
Where do households acquire their food?
How do households acquire their food?
How food is distributed in the population?
What type of diet do households consume?
What are the incomes, where do
individuals/households get their incomes and how
income is distributed among the households?
FOA STATISTICS METHODOLOGICAL
ANALYTICAL TOOL
Responsible for the Global Monitoring of MDG Hunger
Indicator (1.9)
State of Food Insecurity in the World – SOFI 2008
Technical Assistance at Country level – 80 countries
Use of Food Security Statistics Module - (FSSM)
Process - Analyse – Report
Micronutrient Analysis - Protein Quality and Amino
Acids – Quality of Diet
FOA STATISTICS METHODOLOGICAL
ANALYTICAL TOOL
Derive Food Security Indicators at National and Sub
National levels from the food data available from HBS.
Dissemination
– Country Food Insecurity Report
-Country NSO Website
-FAO Food Security Website
FOA STATISTICS METHODOLOGICAL
ANALYTICAL TOOL
Sub National levels (Functional Groups)
- Geographical – Urban/Rural, Regions, Provinces
- Demographic – GENDER, Household Size, Age of head
of HH,
- Socio-Economic – Education, Marital/Activity Status,
Economic Activity, Occupation, Income, etc.
0
3000
college
graduate
non agri
activity
agri activity
age more
than 60
age less than
35
>5 family
members
1 or 2 family
members
Average DEC
Kcal/person/day
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Dietary energy consumption by Gender and Population Groups
Male
Female
2000
1000
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Dietary energy consumption by Gender & Regions
Male
Female
2000
1000
Mindanao 3
Mindanao 2
Mindanao 1
Visayas
Luzon 3
Luzon 2
Luzon 1
0
NCR
Kcal/person/day
3000
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Food deprivation proportions are higher for male-headed households than
for female-headed households (National levels & Population Groups)
60
Male
Percent
Female
40
20
0
Philippines
age betw een more than 5 Agri Activity No education
35 and 44
members
grade
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Food deprivation are higher for male-headed households in all regions.
60
Male
Female
Percent
40
20
Mindanao
3
Mindanao
2
Mindanao
1
Visayas
Luzon 3
Luzon 2
Luzon 1
NCR
0
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Diet Composition
80
Percent
60
WHO/FAO(m inim um )
Male Headed
Fem ale Headed
WHO/FAO(m axim um )
75
55
40
20
30
10
15
15
0
Proteins
Fats
Carbohydrates
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
1.Cost of balanced MDER (Minimum Dietary Energy Requirement)
Male
Female
P 11.86 P 12.43
 Female-headed families had a higher cost of daily diet
2. Income
Male
Female
P 91.36
P 62.47
 Female-headed families had a lower daily per person
income/consumption
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Findings on share of food in total consumption
 Filipino female-headed families spent on average larger share of their
total consumption on food; less money left for buying other goods
than food.
 Female-headed families in better position than male-headed families
that had less money to buy any kind of goods, including food.
Findings on Inequality in access to food
 CV of food dietary energy consumption was 29.4 percent for both
female and male-headed families; indicates no difference between
men and women in inequality in access to food.
CONCLUSIONS
 NHIES in countries are major sources of information
for deriving gender sensitive food security statistics
and indicators
 NHIES allows the effective monitoring and
evaluation of project, policies, programmes.
 NHIES is useful to analyze gender dynamics into
urban-rural areas and provide important details to
food insecurity analysis at national and sub-national
levels
THANK YOU