Transcript POWERPOINT JEOPARDY

Chemistry
C
H2O
Macromolecules
Enzymes
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
Question 1 - 10
Atoms are made
of 3 subatomic
particles,
which particle
determines the
element?
Answer 1 – 10
Protons!
Even in the various isotopes (elements with
different numbers of neutrons), any atoms
with the same number of protons will be the
same periodic element.
Ex. Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14
The 12, 13, and 14 indicate the atomic mass, which changes, but
they have the same atomic number, 6, which represents
carbon’s number of protons.
Question 1 - 20
What type of bond
shares electrons to
create a very
strong bond (they
typically keep
organic molecules
together)?
Answer 1 – 20
Covalent Bonds
Question 1 - 30
These bonds are
formed when
electrons are
donated to another
atom, causing a
positively charged
atom and a
negatively charged
atom.
Answer 1 – 30
Ionic Bonds
This donation of electrons is what
causes very reactive elements such
as chlorine (Cl) and sodium (Na) to
stabilize and become inert
substances (table salt!).
Question 1 - 40
Which side of
this equation
represents
the reactants?
Answer 1 – 40
The left side of this equation represents the
reactants. The right side is the product-what
you made (which is why we call it a product,
you produced it, right?).
Question 1 - 50
How many of each
subatomic particle is
present in this element?
Answer 1 – 50
Protons- 13, same as atomic
number
Neutrons- 14, Atomic mass
(round to nearest whole
number) minus atomic
number.
Electrons- 13, since there is
no charge on the
element… but what if it
was Al2+ ?
Question 2 - 10
What type of
chemistry
includes most
molecules
that have
carbon
atoms?
Answer 2 – 10
Organic Chemistry
There are a few exceptions… CO2, CO, CNare largely considered inorganic. Not all
molecules with carbon are organic, but
all organic molecules have carbon.
Think of it another way…not all rectangles
are squares are they? But all squares are
rectangles!
Question 2 - 20
How many unpaired
electrons does carbon
have on its outer
(valance) shell?
Answer 2 – 20
Four! This allows a single carbon to bind to
many different atoms. It acts as an
intersection; capable of giving structure to our
bodies and holding energy (in bonds). Carbon
also has the ability to form single, double, or
triple covalent bonds!
Question 2 - 30
Identify the functional
group!
Answer 2 – 30
Hydroxyl
These functional groups typically create an
alcohol. Below, you see isopropyl alcohol
(rubbing alcohol).
Question 2 - 40
Identify these two functional
groups that are in every protein
monomer!
Answer 2 – 40
The left side, NH2, is an amine group.
The right side, COOH, is a carboxyl group (which
makes a carboxylic acid).
Together they make an amino acid, the
monomer of a protein!
Question 2 - 50
There are two types of carbonyl
functional groups. Name each
of these!
Answer 2 – 50
The left is a Ketone. (remember, the letter ‘k’ is
in the middle of the alphabet, as the carbonyl
group is in this carbon chain)
The right is an Aldehyde. (remember, the letter
‘a’ is at one end of the alphabet, as the
carbonyl group is at one end of this carbon
chain)
Question 3 - 10
Water is attracted to other
water molecules due to
its polarity. What is this
property called?
Answer 3 – 10
Cohesion
Question 3 - 20
Water is also
attracted to
other polar
molecules. This
property is
called what?
Answer 3 – 20
Adhesion
Question 3 - 30
Adhesion, cohesion,
surface tension, the
ability to absorb a large
amount of energy, ice
floating…all of these
fantastic properties of
water are due to what?
Answer 3 – 30
Hydrogen bonding
Question 3 - 40
1.) A substance with a pOH of 6
is a what?
2.) A subatance with a pH of 14
is a what?
Answer 3 – 40
Both are bases!
pH: 0-7 acid, 7-14 base, true 7 being neutral
pOH: 0-7 base, 7-14 acid, true 7 being neutral
Question 3 - 50
What is polarity, and what causes it
in water molecules?
Answer 3 – 50
Polarity is having two ends with different charges. This
is caused by the covalent bonds between the
hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom in water.
Oxygen has many more protons (8+) than hydrogen (1+). This causes the electrons (-)
to be pulled away from hydrogen (opposites attract), creating a positive side
where the hydrogen atoms are. The other side is more negative, having more
electrons.
Question 4 - 10
Proteins (a.k.a. polypeptides) are a
polymer made of what
monomer?
Answer 4 – 10
Amino acids. There are four of them connected
together on the example below!
Question 4 - 20
When macromolecules monomers
are put together they give off H2O
and make a bigger molecule…
what process is this known as?
Double the points if you as can name the
phase of metabolism that occured!
Answer 4 – 20
Dehydration Synthesis…. Process: anabolism.
Water (OH and H) was taken from the two
original molecules, which is where the
dehydration part comes from.
The two pieces joined to make one, which is
known as synthesis (putting stuff together).
Question 4 - 30
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a major
energy carrier of our body. In order to
release the energy, water is added to
break off the third phosphate. What
reaction is this known as?
Answer 4 – 30
Hydrolysis…
Hydro refers to the presence of water.
Lysis refers to the breakdown something.
Water is added to break the one molecule down
into two molecules!
Question 4 - 40
What macromolecule is seen
below and how do you know?
Answer 4 – 40
These are carbohydrates, specifically,
monosaccharides.
You should be able to tell because they have
equal amounts of carbon and oxygen, with
twice as many hydrogens (or maybe you just
noticed they ended in –ose)
Question 4 - 50
Name the four macromolecules
and one function of each.
Answer 4 – 50
Proteins- Bodily functions; these are the work
structures in the body
Carbohydrates- immediate source of energy, cell
communication
Lipids- stored energy source, cell membrane, insulation
Nucleic Acid- storage of genetic information, genetic
information transfer, energy transfer (ATP)
Question 5 - 10
Enzymes are proteins that speed
up reactions within our bodies,
among other things, if
conditions are optimal. What
happens to the structure of the
protein if it is denatured?
Answer 5 – 10
It would unfold in non-optimal (optimal
meaning best) environments because the
hydrogen bonds would be broken.
Remember…
Structure = function in chemistry. To denature
something means to take it away from what it would
do naturally. Proteins naturally fold. Denaturing a
protein would cause it to unfold and be unable to do
its job! This can be caused by non-optimal pH, heat,
and other conditions!
Question 5 - 20
Different enzymes affect different
molecules…the thing being affected
by entering the active site is called
what?
????
Answer 5 – 20
The substrate.
Question 5 - 30
Which phase of metabolism is
responsible for breaking
molecules down in order to
release energy?
Answer 5 – 30
Catabolism
Question 5 - 40
Enzyme names typically end in
what suffix?
Answer 5 – 40
-ase
Can you think of what these common biological
enzymes might do?
Protease
Helicase
Transcriptase
Ligase
Polymerase
Question 5 - 50
What are the two types of enzyme
inhibition, and how do they
work?
Answer 5 – 50
Competitive inhibitioncauses the enzyme to be
ineffective by blocking
the active site.
Noncompetitive inhibitionCauses the enzyme to be
ineffective by changing
the shape of the active
site.
Final Jeopardy
• Make your wager!