Transcript Intro to Matter Intro to BioMolecules

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Intro to Matter
Intro to BioMolecules
A quick tour of biochemistry
+ Atoms
bond
together to
form
molecules
What are organisms made
of ?
Matter – in the form of atoms and molecules!
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Most important elements in living
organisms

Carbon
Lipids

Nitrogen
Fats

Oxygen

Hydrogen
Steroids
Waxes
Fatty Acids
Carbohydrates

These elements form the
important bio-molecules1
Sugars
Starches
Glycogen
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More Important Bio-Molecules

Nucleic Acids

DNA

RNA

Major part of ATP


Proteins

MORE than just in what you
get in meat.

Made of Amino Acids
Types of Proteins

Structural (collagen, myosin,
keratins, silks)

Enzymes (increase the rate
of chemical reactions)

VERY important to structure
and function of all living
things.
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Enzymes are PROTEINS
They are essential to life

Life is based on chemical reactions (metabolism)

Most chemical reactions in organisms would not happen fast
enough without a CATALYST

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical
reaction, but is UNCHANGED itself by the reaction

There are some catalysts that are not biological (e.g. a black
powder called Manganese Dioxide causes hydrogen
peroxide to break down into water and oxygen more rapidly
than it would otherwise)
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ENZYMES
Are biological catalysts!
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Why are
enzymes
important?
To increase rate of
chemical reactions
Life depends on these reactions. Without
catalysts, they would happen too slowly for our
metabolism to function properly
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Hydrogen Peroxide

MnO2 increases rate (is a catalyst) for the following reaction

H2O2  H2O + O2

Did you know that cells produce hydrogen peroxide as a waste
product?

Hydrogen Peroxide is NOT good for cells! Cells need some way to
get rid of it…

Our bodies have an ENZYME called CATALASE that acts to catalyze
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. An ENZYME is a BIOLOGICAL
CATALYST!
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REMEMBER! A catalyst increases the
rate of reaction – it isn’t changed
Before reaction
After Reaction

Hydrogen Peroxide

Water

Catalyst

Oxygen gas

Catalyst
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LAB TODAY
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We will use hydrogen peroxide

See what happens when we add MnO2

See what happens when we add some other biological materials

We will rate the biological materials on how fast they break down H2O2

How will we know when hydrogen peroxide breaks down?

H2O2  H2O + O2 (remember catalyst will also be left over, intact)
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What will we see? Hear? Feel????????
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Perform Lab with partner
When you reach step number 3, call me over to
check your reaction is completed

I will ask you to answer question number 4 – if you answer it
correctly, you can move on with lab.

Depict speed of reaction caused by different biological
materials.

Answer all questions

Lab Worksheet Due next class (Friday for White Day Classes)

Clean up = DO NOT put solids (meat, veggies) in sink. Dump
out test tubes into trash. Rinse out test tubes VERY well.
Wash EXTREMELY WELL with dish soap and brush. Store
upside down. Thank you!