Transcript Miss G`s Killer Biochem Review

Miss T’s
Biochemistry
Review
All organic molecules
contain what
element?
CARBON!
What is a
monomer?
Smallest repeating
subunit of a molecule.
Think train car.
What would be the monomer of a
pearl necklace?
What is a polymer?
Long chain of
repeating subunits
(The whole train
The whole pearl necklace)
What’s the
monomer of a
carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
Name 3
monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What is the
chemical formula for
monosaccharides
(glucose)?
C6H12O6
What is a
disaccharide?
Double Sugar
(Two
Monosaccharides
attached to one
another)
What is the name of
the reaction that
forms a
disaccharide from 2
monosaccharides?
Dehydration
Synthesis
How is the bond
formed in a
dehydration synthesis
reaction?
What is the reverse
of a dehydration
synthesis reaction?
Hydrolysis
(Hydro- = water
-Lysis = to split)
What are the 3
disaccharides?
Sucrose (Table Sugar)
glucose + fructose
Lactose (Milk Sugar)
glucose + galactose
Maltose (Malt sugar)
glucose + glucose
What is the polymer
of a carbohydrate?
Polysaccharide
What are the three
types of
polysaccharides?
Starch
Energy storage in plants
Long chains of glucose
Glycogen
Energy storage in animals
Cellulose
Structure in plant cell walls
Again, what is the
name of the
reaction that forms
polysaccharides?
Dehydration
Synthesis
What is the main
source of energy in
living things?
Carbohydrates
What organic
molecule is the
reserve form of
energy in living
things?
Lipids
What type of
molecule is shown
below?
Glucose
C6H12O6
What elements are
found in lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen
& Oxygen
What’s the
difference between
a Carbohydrate & a
lipid?
Carbohydrates have
a 1:2:1 of C,H&O,
lipids have no
distinct ratio
What is the monomer
of a lipid?
Triglyceride
(3 fatty acids and a
glycerol)
What is the polymer
of a lipid?
Fats, Oils, & Waxes
What type of
molecules is found
below?
Triglyceride
What is the
difference between
saturated and
unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats have a
double bond that kinks
the molecule so they
don’t fit well together.
Which of the below is
a saturated fat?
Unsaturated fat?
What type of fat is
solid at room temp?
A liquid?
Saturated Fats are
solids at room temp
(lard, butter)
Unsaturated Fats are
liquids at room temp
(oils)
What is the
monomer of a
nucleic acid?
A nucleotide
What three things
make up a
nucleotide?
5-Carbon Sugar
Phosphate Group
Nitrogen Base
What is the function
of nucleic acids?
To store and
transmit genetic
information
What are the
polymers of nucleic
acids?
DNA & RNA
What is the
monomer of a
protein?
Amino Acid
What is the R group
of an amino acid?
R group is
like a place
holder or a
variable in
math.
What are four
functions of
proteins?
Proteins are important:
-enzymes
-structure in cells
-immune response
-help form bone &
muscle
What are the
products & reactants
of the following
reaction?
CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O
What is the
difference between
potential and kinetic
energy?
Potential energy is
stored energy or energy
of positions
Kinetic energy is energy
of motion
What is Activation
Energy?
The energy that is
required to start a
reaction
What do enzymes
do to a reaction?
They help speed up
the rate of a
reaction
How do enzymes
help speed up a
reaction?
By lowering the
activation energy
Is this reaction
energy releasing or
absorbing?
Where on this graph
can activation energy
be found?
Is the following rxn
energy releasing or
absorbing?
Is this a bond-forming
reaction or bond breaking
reaction?
Where is energy
stored in a
molecule?
In the bonds of the
molecule.
When you break bonds
you release energy.
When you make bonds
you store energy
What organic
molecule are
enzymes?
Proteins!
What is a catalyst?
a substance that
SPEEDS up the RATE
of a chemical reaction
by lowering a chemical
reaction’s activation
energy
Draw a energystoring enzyme
reaction…
What four factors
affect enzyme
activity?
•Temperature
pH
Enzyme
concentration
substrate
concentration
What do enzymes
do?
•Make materials
that cells need
-Help transmit
information