Transcript Ch. 3 Biochemistry Review PowerPoint

Biochemistry Review
Updated
Spring 2015
What kind of compounds are all living things
made up of?
What kind of compounds are all living things
made up of?
• Organic compounds
What element do all
organic compounds contain?
What element do all
organic compounds contain?
• Carbon
How many available bonding sites does a carbon
atom have?
How many available bonding sites does a carbon
atom have?
• 4
• Outer shell wants to have 8 electrons to
become stable.
How is carbon different from most of the
other elements on the periodic table?
How is carbon different from most of the
other elements on the periodic table?
• Carbon wants to bond to other carbon atoms!
What 3 elements are found often in organic
compounds?
What 3 elements are found often in organic
compounds?
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
In a water molecule, oxygen pulls the
shared electrons closer to its nucleus.
So… near the O, the molecule is
slightly negative, and near the 2 H’s, it
is slightly positive. What is kind of
molecule does this make water?
In a water molecule, oxygen pulls the
shared electrons closer to its nucleus.
So… near the O, the molecule is
slightly negative, and near the 2 H’s, it
is slightly positive. What is kind of
molecule does this make water?
• POLAR molecule
Water= Polar Molecule
• has + and – poles, like magnet
• wants to bond to other molecules
Why is water effective at dissolving other polar
substances?
Why is water effective at dissolving other polar
substances?
• Because of its polarity
Salt (NaCl) mixed in H2O
dissociates into ions (Cl- and H+)
because water is POLAR.
What is the vocab word for water’s
ability to move up and down narrow
tubes?
What is the vocab word for water’s
ability to move up and down narrow
tubes?
• Capillarity
Examples of Capillarity:
Xylem and Phloem
What is water’s attraction to unlike substances
called?
What is water’s attraction to unlike substances
called?
• ADHESION
What is the vocab word for the attractive
force between water molecules?
What is the vocab word for the attractive
force between water molecules?
• COHESION
Cohesion= water sticking to itself
What causes water to cling to itself and to other
substances or surfaces?
What causes water to cling to itself and to other
substances or surfaces?
• Hydrogen
bonds
between water
molecules
What are clusters of atoms that give molecules
their properties called?
What are clusters of atoms that give molecules
their properties called?
• Functional groups
What functional group do all
alcohol molecules have?
What functional group do all
alcohol molecules have?
• Hydroxyl group (OH)
What is the vocab word for
a single unit from which a
larger molecule is built?
What is the vocab word for
a single unit from which a
larger molecule is built?
• Monomer
What is the vocab word for a molecule
made up of more two or more monomers?
What is the vocab word for a molecule
made up of more two or more monomers?
• Polymer
Lego Bear= Ultimate Lego Polymer
Which kind of reaction forms polymers and gives
off water?
Which kind of reaction forms polymers and gives
off water?
• Condensation reaction
To which kind of reaction must you
ADD water to break down polymers
into monomers?
To which kind of reaction must you
ADD water to break down polymers
into monomers?
• Hydrolysis reaction
What is the vocab word for the molecule that is
created and broken down for
energy exchange in organisms?
What is the vocab word for the molecule that is
created and broken down for
energy exchange in organisms?
• ATP
(Adenosine triphosphate)
What is the vocab word that means “sugars”?
What is the vocab word that means “sugars”?
• Carbohydrates
Examples of carbohydrates
What letters are usually at the end of a word for
a carbohydrate?
What letters are usually at the end of a word for
a carbohydrate?
• OSE
What would you call a carbohydrate monomer?
What would you call a carbohydrate monomer?
• Monosaccaride
What would you call a carbohydrate
molecule that’s made up of two
monomers?
What would you call a carbohydrate
molecule that’s made up of two
monomers?
• Disaccharide
What would you call a carbohydrate polymer?
What would you call a carbohydrate polymer?
• Polysaccharide
In what form do animals store extra glucose in
their bodies?
In what form do animals store extra glucose in
their bodies?
• As glycogen molecules
What would you call the monomer of a protein?
What would you call the monomer of a protein?
• An amino acid
How many
amino acids
are there?
How many
amino acids
are there?
• 20
What is the vocab word for fats?
What is the vocab word for fats?
• Lipids
What would you call a lipid
monomer?
What would you call a lipid
monomer?
• Fatty acid
What are examples of lipid
polymers?
What are examples of lipid
polymers?
• Triglycerides
• Phospholipids
• Wax
What are the monomers of nucleic
acids called?
What are the monomers of nucleic
acids called?
• Nucleotides
What are 2 examples of nucleic
acids?
What are 2 examples of nucleic
acids?
• DNA
• RNA