Transcript How are protein made in our cells?

How are proteins made in our
cells?
Protein synthesis (Part II)
“RNA is a Copy Cat”
Flowchart of Transcription
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RNA polymerase
attaches to DNA
strands.
DNA strands separate.
RNA polymerase
copies one strand of
DNA and creates a
template.
AN RNA strand is
created from the DNA
template.
• See figure 12-14
• Adenine (DNA and RNA)
Cystosine (DNA and RNA)
Guanine(DNA and RNA)
Thymine (DNA only)
Uracil (RNA only)
“DNA code is decoded”
Flowchart of Translation:
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6.
Recall, a RNA strand was created
in the nucleus. This code must send
the message to the ribosome
mRNA.
mRNA is released into the
cytoplasm.
mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
rRNA
Codons will move through the
ribosome by tRNA. Codons on
mRNA will attach to anticodon on
tRNA molecule.
After this occurs, the amino acid on
(top) tRNA will “pop” off (bottom)
tRNA.
Like an assemble line, amino acids
will assemble onto each other and
create a polypeptide (or a protein).
•
See figure 12-18
• Find the amino acid for the following
anticodons:
CCC, GGG, AAU, ACC
What is a Mutation?
• A mutation is a permanent change in the
DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a
gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino
acid sequence of the protein encoded by
the gene.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
X-Men
The Hulk
Spiderman
Is there a mutation?
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/disorde
rs/mutations/
Figure 12–20 Chromosomal
Mutations
Section 12-4
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
Chapter 12 (Protein Synthesis,
Mutations) Review
• What are 2 processes in protein synthesis?
• What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA? What are 3 types of
RNA?
• What is transcription? What are the steps in this process?
• What is translation? What are the steps in this process?
• Protein is made up of smaller building blocks called ______ ______.
• What is the mRNA sequence for the following DNA code:
ATTTGCGCGCATG
• What is chromosomal mutation? How can this affect an organism’s
phenotype?
• What are codons and anticodons?