Transcript Respiration Notes

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Chemical Pathways
Chapter 9-1
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg
In this chapter, we will learn how
broken down by
this glucose is ____________
energy
organisms and the _______
is stored
as _______
ATP
in a
process
called
___________________
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
What kind of organisms do this?
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html
Area with gel-like material
inside cell membrane
surrounding mitochondria
CYTOPLASM
= ______________________
Power plant of cell
that burns glucose
and stores the energy
as ATP
= _______________
mitochondria
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg
MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant
Surrounded by ___________
DOUBLE membrane
Outer membrane & Inner membrane
CRISTAE
(called _______________
)
Space between inner membrane
& outer membrane
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
= ____________________
Space inside cristae folds
MATRIX
= _________________
CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria
Image from: http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html
All organisms
(heterotrophs AND autotrophs)
energy in food to
use the _____________
ATP
charge up their _______
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6 CO
6H O
2 + _________
2
___________
+ ___________
C6H12O6 + __________
6O2
→_______________
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + _________
6 CO2 + __________
6 H2O + __________
6O2 →________
_____________
The two equations are exact opposites!
______________________________________________________________
Remember from Photosynthesis?
+
NADP
High energy electron carrier = ___________
Cellular respiration uses
some different carriers
to transport high energy
electrons.
+
NAD
FAD
_______ & ________
2 e + H+
________ + _________
NAD+
→
FAD
e- + 2H+
________
+ 2
_________
____________
→
____________
The first step in cellular respiration
= __________________
GLYCOLYSIS
Glycolysis happens in
CYTOPLASM
the ________________
outside the mitochondria
See glycolysis movie
Glycolysis
(GLYKOS = ________
sweet LYSIS= ___________
split apart )
Glycolysis ____________________________
DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN
BUT it needs some ____________to
get it
ENERGY
started.
What molecule do you think is going to
supply the energy do this?
ATP
GLYCOLYSIS
________
↓
GLUCOSE
___________
ATP
→
ATP
→
↓
ATP
ATP
2_____________
PYRUVIC ACID
NADH
NADH
____________________ + _______________
4 ATP’s
2 ATP’s and GET BACK __________
PUT IN ________
Net gain of ________
2 ATP’s and __________
2 NADH
PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP
= ANAEROBIC
IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________)
IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________)
= AEROBIC
PYRUVIC ACID ___________
WITHOUT OXYGEN
ANAEROBIC
2 kinds of fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic acid
___________________
& _____________________
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC
_______
ACID +_____
ALCOHOL + ______
CO2 + NAD
→__________
_____+
Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise
air spaces in bread
CO2 bubbles make _____________
evaporates
Alcohol _______________
during cooking
http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC
_______
ACID +_____
+
LACTIC
ACID
NAD
→______________ + ________
muscles
Happens in _____________
during
____________when
body
exercise
can’t get oxygen to tissues
fast enough.
Lactic acid builds up in
muscles causing soreness
http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg
PYRUVIC
ACID +_____
_______
+
CO
NAD
→ALCOHOL
__________ + ______
2 + _____
LACTIC ACID
+
NAD
______
You get the NAD+ carriers back
FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells
+
REGENERATE
the
NAD
can ____________________
needed to keep glycolysis going
REMEMBER:
The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis.
OXYGEN
The presence or absence of _______________
decides which path it takes next.
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle.
This is the path that is taken when
oxygen is present.
Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
KREBS CYCLE follows glycolysis
_______________
if oxygen is present
REMEMBER:
Glycolysis happens in
CYTOPLASM
the ________________
outside the mitochondria.
Krebs cycle happens in
MATRIX
_____________
inside the mitochondria
KREBS
CYCLE
KREBS CYCLE
PRODUCES
3
____
1
____
1
____
4
____
WHERE DOES IT GO?
→
6 carbons in original glucose are lost
Carbon dioxide
as ________________
to atmosphere
WHERE DO THESE GO?
ATP can be used directly
energy
to supply __________
for the cell.
High energy electron
carriers move into the
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT
____________________
CHAIN
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
We will next focus on the Electron
Transport Chain.
WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN?
Glycolysis
KREBS
ET
Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
are located in the
Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
___________________________
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
INTERMEMBRANE
SPACE
CRISTAE
MATRIX
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Electron Transport Chain:
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #1)
electrons
High-energy _____________
NADH
FADH2
from __________
and __________
are passed along the electron
transport chain.
Energy from passing electrons is
used to transport
+)
Hydrogen
ions
(H
_____________________ across the
membrane.
Electron Transport Chain:
The pumping of H+ ions into the
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
_______________________
represents
potential energy that is harnessed to
make ATP.
As H+ ions escape through ion
channels back into the matrix,
ATP SYNTHASE
________________
spins and adds a
phosphate to ADP to
ATP
form _______
Electron Transport Chain:
OXYGEN
•________________
serves as the final
electron acceptor of the electron transport
chain.
•At the end of the electron transport chain,
an enzyme combines the electrons with
the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form
water (H2O)
______________
•SO:
→
•FADH2 →
•NADH
•
3
ATP’s
_____
2
ATP’s
_____
WHATS THE BIG PICTURE?
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons
carried in
NADH and
FADH2
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Electron
Transport
Chain
Krebs
Cycle
Mitochondrion
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
includes:
GLYCOLYSIS
______________________
KREBS CYCLE
______________________
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
_______________________
GLYCOLYSIS
Happens in CYTOPLASM
______________
outside mitochondria
1 glucose
Breaks down ____________
2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
into ________________
Produces
2
_______
2
__________
KREBS CYCLE
MATRIX
happens in ________________
inside mitochondria
2 pyruvic acid
Breaks down _________________
Produces:
2
____
____
8____
2
____
6
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
cristae
Enzymes found in _____________
inner membrane of mitochondria
Uses high energy electrons and H+ ions
NADH
2
donated by _______
andFADH
_______
32 (net) ATP
Makes ___________
OXYGEN
________ acts a final
H2O
electron acceptor to produce ________
Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
(aerobic/ with oxygen):
36 ATP
1 glucose → _______________
FERMENTATION
(anaerobic/ without oxygen):
2 ATP
1 glucose → ________________