Transcript Protein - Leaves Of Life UK

If Protein is the answer,
what’s the question?
Question #1
What is protein?
?
From the Greek word
Proteios
meaning
of prime importance
They are chemical substances
• Nitrogen
These
• Carbon
elements
• Hydrogen
form amino acids
• Oxygen
which are the building
blocks of protein.
• Sulfur
There are approximately 23
different amino acids
known to man.
Each protein molecule will be made
up of hundreds of these amino acid
building blocks.
Question #2
Where does protein come from?
Protein
Essential/Non-essential
Air
Carbon dioxide
Earth
Nitrogen
Water
Amino Acids
Essential/Non-essential
Plant Proteins
Eaten by man
Eaten by animals
Essential/Non-essential
Essential/Non-essential
Human Protein
Animal Protein
Eaten by man
Eaten by animal
Essential/Non-essential
Essential/Non-essential
Human Protein
Animal Protein
Combination
cab
in
at
ton
bin
nation
comb
bat
mob
tin
cat
can
boot
minion
tan
Fortification
fit
car
ton
faction
fiction
nation
fat
fact
oration
raft
rat
far
root
rain
torn
Essential
sent
tan
lent
tie
tail
sail
salt
let
lass
late
lean
tassel
ten
teal
lessen
Question #3
What is protein used for?
The Basic Building Blocks
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•
•
•
Growth
Repair
Maintenance
Synthesis
– enzymes
– hormones
– antibodies
Question #4
How much protein do we need?
It won’t hold still
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1881 - Professor Carl von Voit
1904 - Dr. Russell Crittenden
1914 - Dr. Mikkel Hindhede
1920 - Henry Sherman
1941 - National Research Council
1946 - Dr. Mark Hegsted
1955 - Dr. William Rose
1959 - Dr. Mark Hegsted
1968 - National Research Council
1973 - National Research Council
120 gm/d
50 gm/d
40 gm/d
45 gm/d
70 gm/d
32 gm/d
22 gm/d*
20 gm/d
65 gm/d
56 gm/d
Question #5
If a little is good, isn’t more
even better?
Study done during WWII
• Two month study
• 24 young men in
three groups
• Three different
diets
Group #1
• 50 grams protein a day
– 45 grams from cereals, potatoes,
vegetables, fruits
– 5 grams from animals
No member
suffered any loss
of vigor
Group #3
• 160 grams protein
a day
– Mostly from
animal sources
No benefit
could be seen
in this group.
Question #6
Don’t we need to have
complete proteins?
Sweet Potato
9
8
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Sweet Potato
Recommended
Brown Rice
6
5
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
4
3
2
1
0
Brown Rice
Recommended
Rolled Oats
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
Rolled Oats
Recommended
White Beans
16
14
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
White Beans
Recommended
Broccoli
16
14
Isol
Leuc
Lys
Meth
Phen
Thre
Trp
Val
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Broccoli
Recommended
• Sources
Plant
• Nuts
• Legumes
• Protein derivatives
Animal
• Downside of animal proteins
• Servings - grams needed daily
 Viruses
cancer
multiple
sclerosis
unknown
 Bacteria
 Diabetogenic
factors
 Adverse eye factors
 Metabolic burden for kidneys and liver
Many risks associated with
consuming too much protein.
•
•
•
•
Animal protein often high in fat
Fat contributes to obesity
High meat eating linked to colon cancer
The more protein consumed, the less
fruits, vegetables, grains
• High protein diets promote calcium
excretion
• Excessive protein may cause fluid
imbalances
If cooks pretended that in handling
raw meat, they were handling a
lump of raw sewage in a food
environment, and took all the
necessary precautions, then that
would be just about adequate.
Bon appetite!
Four out of
every five
chickens sold in
a supermarket
are infected
with salmonella.
• Therapeutic use - Fix the one
sick cow. (Human toxic effect.)
• Prophylactic use - Protect the
whole herd.
• Growth promotion - Part of the
feed. (Human hypersensitivity effect.)
Resistance
&
Cross-resistance
Leads to a reservoir of resistance
There is a large reservoir of E. Coli in calves
and pigs which are very resistant and that
resistance can be “donated” to more
dangerous organisms such as salmonellae.
• About 25% of human salmonella
infections are now resistant to
drug therapy.
• Half the antibiotics now
produced are fed to food animals
(disease prevention and growth
promotion.)
Chickens are now being fed their own
excrement to about 50% of their total
intake of food, its very economical. But it
means that contaminants, such as drugs,
hormones, pesticides and antibiotics are
getting more and more concentrated each
time they go through.
• Cases of allergy, including...
– Asthma (3X more common in youth
today than in their parent’s day.)
– Eczema (6X more common today.)
• Have increased alarmingly over
the past few decades
• Use of antibiotics in food animals
has also increased greatly.