Transcript The Renaissance in Northern Europe

The Renaissance in Northern
Europe
Many new
ideas, art styles,
and forms of
literature
spread outward
from Italy in a
northward
direction
toward France,
the
Netherlands,
German States,
and finally
England
Why is it called the Northern
European Renaissance
• The Northern European Renaissance gets
its name from the fact that France, the
Netherlands (Holland), and Germany (Holy
Roman Empire) were the areas where the
significant Art and Literature was
produced.
How did the Renaissance
Spread to Northern Europe
• Many artist traveled to Italy to study under the
Master’s such as Leonardo and Michelangelo.
– People in Northern Europe were also looking for a
way to modernize Literature and art.
• Northern European Kings like Francis I of
France invited Italian Masters to travel to and
live in their countries
– Francis I of France invited Leonardo to retire in
France and Leonardo lived out his last years there.
• It is important to remember, though, that the
ideas of the Italian Renaissance were spread
largely as a result of the printing press.
How was the Northern Renaissance
Artistically Different from the Italian
Renaissance
• There were fewer artist in Northern Europe and they
were scattered about the region.
• There were fewer centers of commerce (business) to
produce the wealthy merchant class needed to
sponsor the artist
– The early artist were more dependent on the nobility who had
a taste for furniture, tapestry, and illuminated manuscripts
• The northern artist were also less interested in the
scientific principles like proportion, perspective, and
anatomy. They were more concerned with what the
painting looked like, so color and detail were the most
important considerations.
• Sculpture was done in wood rather than marble, mostly
because wood was more available as a material.
• Because of the damp climate frescos were not done in
Writers of the Northern
European Renaissance
Desiderius Erasmus
• Dutch scholar
• Left monastery to study classics. Used writings of Italian
humanists.
• *Interested in the early Christian writings and felt that
they could be harmonized with the classics.
– Argued for return to original, simple message of Jesus.
– Felt New Testament church a model of simplistic and spiritual
lifestyle.
– Criticized ceremony of Catholic church
• Wrote The Praise of Folly that made fun of practices of
the church.
Thomas More
• Friend of Erasmus.
• Published Utopia in 1516.
– Said governments are corrupt. Private ownership of
property caused unnecessary conflicts among people.
– Imagined society where everyone equal (all males).
Everyone worked to support the society.
• Work widely read by Humanist thinkers.
• Executed by Henry VIII because refused to
admit king the supreme authority of church.
Two Different Philosophies
(Cultures) evolve
• Italian Renaissance
– Inspired by Humanism
with a emphasis on
the revival of Greek
and Roman Classical
art and literature.
• Northern
Renaissance
– Driven by the desire
for religious reform
and the return to
ancient Christian
values.
– Desire to revolt
against the authority of
the Roman Catholic
Church
The Artist of the Northern
European Renaissance
Durer
• German engraver and
artist Albrecht Durer who
went to Italy to study the
masters. When Durer
returned to Germany he
produced woodcuts and
engravings which
became popular and
spread the Renaissance
style and inspired other
artist.
Hans Holbein
• Influenced by Durer’s
emphasis on realism
Hans Holbein began
painting portraits that
were almost photographic
in detail.
• Sometimes he would take
hours to paint the hair on
a mans head so they
could be seen a separate
strands
Jan van Eyck
• In the Netherlands a
merchant class began
to develop around 1550
and Jan van Eyck
started to paint portraits
of these wealthy people
who shared the same
passion for individuality
and worldly pleasure
that the wealthy
merchants of Florence
had.
• This made Flanders the
artistic center of
Northern Europe.
Pieter Bruegel
• The Work of Pieter
Bruegel is considered
the high point of the
Northern
Renaissance
painters. He captured
pictures of everyday
life and used rich
colors to express
emotion in his
pictures
End of the Renaissance
• While the Renaissance in Italy and Northern
Europe Stirred a burst of creative energy and
change, inevitably the taste and fashion of
people changed and moved on in the 1600’s in
new ways.
• However the Renaissance had forever changed
the way people viewed the world and introduced
the idea individuality.
– The Renaissance ideal of the dignity of the individual
played a key role in the development of democratic
ideas
1300
Renaissance
begins
1400
Donatello
begins
1434
Cosimo
Medici takes
1475
Michelangelo
born
1492
1600
Renaissance
ends
The David 1504
Sculpting in
Control of
Florence
Florence
Sistine Chapel 1511
1564
Michelangelo
Leonardo da Vinci’s Career
Shakespeare
Dante’ writes
The Divine
Comedy
1340’s
Petrarch’s
Sonnets
1455
Guttenberg
Printing
Press
1451-52
Columbus
and
Leonardo
are born
Columbus
discovers the
New World for
Spain
1513
Machiavelli
Writes the
Prince
1550 High point
for Flemish
portrait painting
in Northern
Europe
Globe Theater
Built in London
Northern European Renaissance
Italian Renaissance
1550
1521
1492
(Copernicus)Scientific Revolution
(Martin Luther)Protestant Reformation
Age of Exploration
1420 Portugal’s
Prince Henry the
Navigator
Opened his
school of sailing
1497 Vasco da
1534 J. Cartier
Gama sails to
sails to North
1488 Dias India for
1500 Portugal
America for
sails
Portugal
claims Brazil
France
around the
tip of
1498 Cabot
1519 Magellan
Africa for
explores NE North circles the
Portugal
America for
Globe for
England
Spain
1580 Francis
Drake sails
around World
for England
1300
_____________
_____________
Dante’ writes
The Divine
Comedy
1400
Donatello
begins
1475
Michelangelo
1434
__________ born
1492
_____ takes
1600
__________
__________
The David 1504
Sculpting in
Control of
Florence
Florence
1340’s
Petrarch’s
Sonnets
1455
__________
__________
__________
Sistine Chapel 1511
1451-52
Columbus
and
Leonardo
are born
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
1513
Machiavelli
Writes the
________
1564
1550 High point
for Flemish
portrait painting
in Northern
Europe
_____________
Built in London
Northern European Renaissance
Italian Renaissance
1550
1521
1492
1420 Portugal’s
_____________
_____________
Opened his
school of sailing
(Copernicus)Scientific Revolution
(Martin Luther)Protestant Reformation
1497
1534 J. Cartier
____________
sails to North
1488 Dias ____________ 1500 Portugal
America for
sails
____________ claims Brazil
France
around the ___________
tip of
1498 Cabot
1519 Magellan
Africa for
explores North
circles the
Portugal
America for
Globe for
England
Spain
1580 Francis
Drake sails
around World
for England