Transcript Chapter 1: An Introduction to Chemistry

© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Chapter 18: The Chemistry of Heredity
Courtesy Alfred Pasieka/Peter Arnold, Inc.
Molecular Genetics
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Courtesy Andy
Washnik
Figure 18.1: (1) Preparing the gelatin. (2) Adding canned pineapple to the liquid gelatin.
(3) Adding fresh pineapple to the liquid gelatin. (4) The gelatin mixture does not solidify
in the presence of fresh pineapple.
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Figure 18.2: The geometry of a single, double (DNA), and triple (gelatin) helix.
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Courtesy Leslie Holzer/Photo
Researchers
Figure 18.3: Gregor Mendel laid the foundation for our understanding of how individual
characteristics are passed from parents to offspring.
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Courtesy David M. Phillips/Visuals Unlimited
Figure 18.4: A typical animal cell.
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Courtesy BioPhoto Asoc/Science
Source/Photo Researchers
Figure 18.5: Chromosomes and DNA (Section 18.6).
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Courtesy J. C. Revy/Copyright ISM/Phototake
Figure 18.6: Stages in the mitosis of a human cell.
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Courtesy A. Barrington/Science Source/Photo Researchers
Figure 18.7: An early (1953) model of a portion of a DNA molecule, designed and built
by James Watson, left, and Francis Crick, right (Section 18.10).
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Figure 18.8: Ribose, 2-deoxyribose, and phosphoric acid.
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Figure 18.9: The amine bases of DNA.
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Figure 18.10: The combination of 2-deoxyribose, cytosine, and phosphoric acid
produces a typical nucleotide.
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Figure 18.11: A typical segment of the DNA chain.
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Figure 18.12: Thymine and uracil.
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Figure 18.13: Hydrogen bonding and the double helix of DNA.
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Figure 18.14: DNA replication.
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Courtesy AP/Wide World Photos
Dolly, the first successful clone of an adult mammal.
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Courtesy Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine
Rainbow (left), the cat, and CC (right), the cloned kitten.
QUESTION
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Classify as reversible or irreversible the
effects of (a) hot water on the proteins of
gelatin, (b) the high temperature canning
process on the proteins of bromelin, and (c)
the high temperatures of frying on the proteins
of egg white.
QUESTION
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Identify a polypeptide produced by the human
body that helps ensure the effective
nourishment of newly born children.
QUESTION
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Name another chemical, in addition to vitamin
C, that is found in much higher concentrations
in oranges (and lemons, as well as other citrus
fruit) than in apples (See Chapter 10)
QUESTION
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Is red hair classified as a phenotype or a
genotype? What term do we give to the carrier
of the genetic information that transmits the
characteristic of red hair from parent to child?
QUESTION
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Based on the limited data of this section, what
correlation, if any, appears to exist between
the number of chromosomes in the cells of
mammals and nonmammals? Of plants and
animals?
QUESTION
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What is the full chemical term represented by
the letters of DNA?
QUESTION
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How would you define a gene in biological
terms? In chemical terms?
QUESTION
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In what way(s) are mRNA and tRNA similar?
How do they differ?
QUESTION
What amino acid does the codon GGC
correspond to?
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QUESTION
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Why are the two DNA strands of a double helix
regarded as complementary rather than
identical?
QUESTION
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What is the difference between a gene and a
genome?
QUESTION
© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
What was the first adult mammal to be cloned
successfully? When and where did this occur,
and how many unsuccessful attempts
preceded the first success?