Transcript Document
URINARY SYSTEM PERIOD: 2 BY:KATHERINE GARCIA CLARISSA GARCIA KIMBERLY ARZOLA OVERVIEW • THE URINARY SYSTEM CONSIST OF: • A PAIR OF GLANDULAR KIDNEYS; REMOVE SUBSTANCES FROM THE BLOOD, FORM URINE, AND HELP REGULATOR CERTAIN METABOLIC PROCESSES; • A PAIR OF TUBULAR URETERS; SELECTIVELY EXCRETES OR RETAINS WATER OR ELECTROLYTES KIDNEY • DESCRIPTION: A REDDISH BROWN, BEAN SHAPED ORGAN WITH A SMOOTH SURFACE • LOCATED: ON EITHER SIDE OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IN A DEPRESSION HIGH ON THE POSTERIOR WALL OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. THE KIDNEYS ARE POSITIONED RETRO PERITONEAL • FUNCTION: REMOVE METABOLIC WASTES FROM BLOOD EXCRETE THEM TO THE OUTSIDE THROUGH URINE AND FOR MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD NEPHRON • DEFINE: SUBUNITS IN WHICH PERFORM THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGAN AS A WHOLE • NEPHRON CONSISTS RENAL CORPUSCLE PROXIMAL LOOP DISTAL LOOP COLLECTING DUCT • OUR BODIES CONTAIN 800,000 TO ONE MILLION NEPHRONS RENAL CORPUSCLE • RENAL CORPUSCLE o DESCRIPTION: KNOT OF CAPILLARIES (GLOMERULUS) SURROUNDED BY A DOUBLE WALLED CAPSULE (BOWMAN A CAPSULE) GLOMERULUS IS A SMALL TUFT OR CLUSTER USED ALONE TO DESIGNATE ONE OF THE RENAL GLOMERULI. BOWMAN'S CAPSULE IS A DOUBLE-WALLED, CUP-SHAPED STRUCTURE AROUND THE GLOMERULUS OF EACH NEPHRON SERVES AS A FILTER TO REMOVE ORGANIC WASTES, EXCESS INORGANIC SALTS, AND WATER. o FUNCTION: FILTRATION UNIT OF VERTEBRA NEPHRONS, BLOOD PRESSURE FORCES THE PLASMA MINUS IT'S MACROMOLECULES FROM THE GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES INTO THE BOWMAN'S CAPSULE PROXIMAL TUBULE PROXIMAL TUBULE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS CONVOLUTE AND STRAIGHT o BOTH REGULATE PH OF FILTRATE o SECRETES ORGANIC ACIDS THE BODY DOES NEED INTO THE FILTRATE o RE ABSORBS WATER AND SODIUM INTO THE BLOOD THROUGH PARTICULAR BLOOD CAPILLARIES o HORMONES: PARATHYROID LOOP OF HENLEY • MIDDLE PORTION OF RENAL TUBULE (LOOP OF HENLE) FURTHER CONCENTRATE SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IONS, UREA, AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS • REABSORBING WATER INTO THE BLOOD STREAM FIRST TWO PORTIONS OF THE LOOP OF HENLE, o THE THICK DESCENDING LIMB AND THE THIN DESCENDING LIMB BOTH HIGHLY PERMEABLE TO WATER, BUT HAVE LOW PERMEABILITY TO IONS AND UREA. o THE THIN ASCEND: IS PERMEABLE TO IONS, BUT NOT TO WATER o THE THICK ASCEND: IMPERMEABLE TO WATER REAPSORPTION OF IONS INTO THE BLOOD STREAM CORTICAL ASCENDING LIMB: DRAINS URINE INTO THE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES HORMONES: ADH DISTAL LOOP • LOCATION: DISTAL PORTION OF NEPHRON • FUNCTION: RE ABSORPTION OF SODIUM WATER SECRETION OF HYDROGEN POTASSIUM • HORMONES: ALDOSTERONE AND ANTIDUIRECTIC EPINEPHRINE COLLECTING DUCT • LOCATION: INSIDE THE KIDNEYS (SMALL TUBULES) • FUNCTION: FUNNEL URINE INTO THE RENAL PELVIS FOR DRAINAGE INTO URETER • HORMONES: ALDOSTERONE AND ANTIDUIRECTIC URETERS • LOCATION: , IT BEGINS AS THE FUNNEL-SHAPED RENAL PELVIS EXTENDING DOWNWARD POSTERIOR TO THE PARIETAL PERITONEUM PARALLEL TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. WITHIN THE PELVIC CAVITY COURSES FORWARD AND MEDIALLY TO JOIN THE URINARY BLADDER. • FUNCTION: IS TO CARRY URINE FROM EACH KIDNEY TO THE URINARY BLADDER THROUGH PERISTALTIC MOVEMENTS. URINARY BLADDER • LOCATION: MUSCULAR ORGAN LOCATED WITHIN THE PELVIC CAVITY • FUNCTION: IS TO STORE URINE. URETHRA • FUNCTION: A TUBE THAT CARRIES URINE FROM THE URINARY BLADDER TO THE OUTSIDE. CREATION OF URINE • INVOLVES 3 MAJOR STEPS: GLOMULAR FILTRATION, TUBULAR REABSOPRTION, AND TUBULAR SECRETION. • GLOMULAR FILTRATION • CAPILLARIES FILTER WATER AND DISSOLVED MATERIALS FROM BLOOD. • COLLECTED IN BOWMAN’S CAPSULE • PROTEINS ARE NOT FILTERED OUT OF BLOOD • FILTRATION IS DUE TO HYPERSTATIC PRESSURE (HAPPEN IN GLOMELUAR CAPILLARIES) • MOST OF FLUID IS REABSORBED TO BLOODSTREAM BY COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF PLASMA CREATION OF URINE • NEUPHRONS USE 2 CAPILLARIES i. 1ST CAPILLARY BED IS SPECIFIC FUNCTION IS TO ONLY FILTER INTERSTITIAL FLUID ii. FILTRATE MOVES TO RENAL TUBULE iii. BECOMES URINE TRANSPORTATION • GLUCOSE E AND WATER (OSMOSIS) ARE ABSORBED IN EPITHELIAL CELLS • LIMITED TRANSPORT CAPACITY • REABSORBED SUBSTANCES PAS FROM LUMEN OF RENAL TUBULE THROUGH EPITHELIAL CELLS AND INTO LUMEN OF A PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY • THEN RETURN TO BLOOD STREAM TUBULAR REABSORPTION • PROCESS OF TRANSPORTING OUR SUBSTANCES THROUGH EPITHELIUM OF RENAL TUBULE INTO INTERSTITIAL FLUID • GLUCOSE AND WATER (OSMOSIS) ARE ABSORPTED IN EPI CELLS • LIMITED TRANSPORT CAPACITY • REABSORBED SUBSTANCES PASS FROM LUMEN OF RENAL TUBULE TO LUMEN OF PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY TUBULAR SECTRETION • THE PROCESS BY WHICH SUBSTANCES ARE TRANSPORTED FROM THE BLOOD IN THE PERITUBULAR CAPS • HELPS MAINTAIN ION CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD FILTRATION • A HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF BLOOD ENTERING THE GLOMERULUS MINUS THE PRESSURE OF THE OPPOSING FORCES i. THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF BLOOD INSIDE AND OTHER CAPILLARIES ARE MAIN FORCES THAT SUBSTANCES THROUGH FILTRATION ii. NET EFFECT OF THESE FORCES IS CALLED NFP (NET FILTRATION PRESSURE) FILTRATION • RATE: DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO NFP • WHEN DIAMETER OF CAPILLARIES CHANGE CAUSES A CHANGE IN NFP AND IN GFR (GLOMELUALR FILTRATION RATE) I. GFR LIES BETWEEN AFFERENT AND EFFERENT GLOMERULUS II. AFFERENT ARTERIOLE: BLOOD ENTERING THE GLOMERULUS III. EFFERENT ARTERIOLE: WHERE BLOOD LEAVES THE GLOMERULUS AND THE BLOOD BACK UP INTO THE GLOMERULUS REGULATION • AFTER PASSING PROXIMAL CONVULATED TUBULE, IT GOES TO DISTAL CONVULATED TUBUELE • REGUALATION OF GFR • INVOLVES JUXTAGLOMERULAR APRRARATUS (JGA) • DIRECTLY AFFECTS BLOOD PRESSURE AND VOLUME REGULATION • ADH (ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE) PROMOTES THE REABSORPTION OF WATER THROGUH THE DCT ( DISTAL CONVULATED TUBUELE) • PREVENTS DEHYDRATION • HYPERTONIC (INTERSTITAL FLUID AROUND DUCTS) • ADH STIMULATES CELLS TO INSERT PROTEINS CALLLED AQUAPORIN TO CELL MEMBRANES REGULATION • ALDOSTERONE SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL CORTEX GLAND ON TOP OF KIDNEY • CONTROLS KINDEYS TUBULES REABSORPTION OF SALT • SALTS MOVE RAPIDLY OR OF KIDNEY TUBULES BACK TO BLOOD • INCREASES TUBULAR WATER REABSORPTION (TO BLOOD) URINE • UREA • BY PRODUCT OF AMINO ACID CATABOLISM • URIC ACID • PRODUCT OF METABOLISM OF CERTAIN NUCLEIC ACID BASES URINE • MADE OF: • 95% WATER • TRACES OF AMINO ACID • ELECTROLYTES • REFLECTION OF DIETS • COMPOSITION REFLECTS WHAT WAS NEEDED TO BE ELIMINATED IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS • VARIES ON DIETARY INTAKE Renal Clearance • RATE AT WHICH A PARTICULAR CHEMICAL IS REMOVED FROM THE PLASMA INDICATES KIDNEY EFFICIENCY • TESTS CAN DETECT GLOMERULAR DAMAGE OR PROGRESSION OF RENAL DISEASES • INULIN CLEARANCE TEST • CREATININE CLEARANCE TEST • PARA-AMINOHSPPURIC (PAH) GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR) • THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT PASSES THROUGH THE GLOMERULI EACH MINUTE. • GLOMERULI ARE TINY FILTERS IN THE KIDNEYS THAT FILTER WASTE FROM THE BLOOD MICRITION • PROCESS OF URINE EXITING THE URINARY BLADDER • A FULL BLADDER STIMULATES STRETCH RECEPTORS TO SEND SENSORY IMPULSES TO SACRAL SPINE • MICTURITION REFLEX CENTER SENDS PARASYMPATHETIC IMPULSES TO DETRUSOR MUSCLE CONTRACT AND INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER TO RELAX MICRITION • URINATION CONTROLLED BY PONTINE MICTURITION CENTER • IT COMMUNICATES WITH THE BLADDER ABOUT APPROPRIATE TIMING • WHEN NOT CONVENIENT, IT SENDS SIGNALS TO CONTRACT THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER • WHEN APPROPRIATE, THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER RELAXES • SPINAL CORD INSTRUCTS DETRUSOR MUSCLE TO CONTRACT HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=QC9J4U6ASJ4 WORKS CITED • "TUBULAR SECRETION - BOUNDLESS OPEN TEXTBOOK." BOUNDLESS. N.P., N.D. WEB. 31 MAR. 2015. <HTTPS://WWW.BOUNDLESS.COM/PHYSIOLOGY/TEXTBOOKS/BOUNDLESS-ANATOMY-AND-PHYSIOLOGYTEXTBOOK/THE-URINARY-SYSTEM-25/KIDNEY-PHYSIOLOGY-240/TUBULAR-SECRETION-1175-412/>. • "URINARY SYSTEM." INNERBODY. N.P., N.D. WEB. 31 MAR. 2015. <HTTP://WWW.INNERBODY.COM/IMAGE/URINOV.HTML>. • "URINARY SYSTEM." WIKIPEDIA. WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION, N.D. WEB. 31 MAR. 2015. <HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/URINARY_SYSTEM>.