Transcript Biology
Biology Chapter 9 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Respiration Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Cells Animal Mitochondrion Plant Plant Cells Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP • Cellular Respiration – mitochondria breakdown glucose to produce ATP Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis • • • Occurs in cytoplasm • • • 2 molecules of ATP are used to start reaction No oxygen required Break down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid 4 ATP molecules are produced Your body gets to store 2 ATP and 2 ATP go back to restart the reaction Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • NAD+ - an energy carrying molecule • NADH when it is carrying an electron (energy) • Glucose + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid 4 ATP (body stores 2 and 2 restart the reaction) 2 NADH Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • After glycolysis the pyruvic acid molecules move to the mitochondria Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Citric Acid Cycle • Also called Kreb Cycle • Occurs in the mitochondria • Aerobic – requires oxygen • 2 pyruvic acid → citric acid 2 ATP 4 CO2 2 FADH2 6 NADH Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3. Electron Transport Chain • Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria • Aerobic • NADH and FADH2 energized electrons are passed from protein to protein • The energy associated with highly energized electron forms ATP from ADP • Energy being released from electron allows O2 to bond with H+ to make H2O • Produces 32 ATP molecules • 32 ADP → 32 ATP • O2 → H2O Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • When your cells are without oxygen an anaerobic process called fermentation proceeds • Provides a way to continue producing ATP until oxygen is available again Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2 Types of Fermentation 1.Lactic Acid • Anaerobic • Occurs in cytoplasm • Occurs in animals • 2 Pryuvic acid is broken down into 2 lactic acid • Lactic acid build up in muscles and causes burn or fatigue • 2 pyruvic acid → 2 lactic acid Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Alcoholic Fermentation • Anaerobic • Occurs in cytoplasm • Occurs in yeast, bacteria, plants • Produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol • 2 pyruvic acid → 2 ethyl alcohol Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP Glycolysis (anaerobic, cytoplasm) 1 C6H12O6 (glucose) + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid 4 ATP (your body stores 2 and 2 restart the reaction) Aerobic O2 present occurs in mitochondria Anaerobic No O2 present occurs in cytoplasm Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 2 pyruvic acid → 2 citric acid 4 CO2 2 ATP Lactic Acid animals pyruvic acid → lactic acid No CO2 produced Electron Transport Chain electrons → 32 ATP H+ + O2 → H2O Alcoholic Fermentation plants, fungi, bacteria pyruvic acid → ethyl alcohol CO2 produced CYTOPLASM glucose energy input 2 GLYCOLYSIS (net) e2 NADH MITOCHONDRION 2 NADH 6 NADH 2 FADH2 ATP 2 pyruvate e- 2 CO2 e- 4 CO2 KREBS CYCLE e- eELECTRON TRANSPORT PHOSPHORYLATION 2 ATP 32 ATP water oxygen Fig. 8.3b, p. 133 Typical Energy Yield: 36 ATP Slide 5 Comparing photosynthesis and respiration Photosynthesis Function Location Respiration Uses light to make energy Makes energy by (sugars/starches) breaking down glucose Chloroplasts Mitochondria Reactants CO2 + H2O + light C6H12O6 + O2 Products C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP