Transcript ABDOMINAL AND THORAX INJURIES

Abdominal And Thorax
Injuries
The Guts And Tummy Aches Of
Sports Medicine
Chapter 21
Abdominal Vocabulary
• Boardlike rigidity- Hardness in the abdomen that can not be
relaxed
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Dyspnea- Difficult breathing
Hematuria- blood in the urine possibly due to kidney damage
Hemothorax- blood in the pleural cavity
Hernia- protrusion of abdominal viscera through the
abdominal wall
Kehr’s sign- pain that radiates to the left shoulder and 1/3
down the arm
McBurney’s point- 1/3 the distance between the
anterosuperior iliac spine and the umbilicus
Peritoneum- serous membrane lining of the abdominal wall
Pneumothorax- collaspe on one lung by the pleural cavity
becoming filled with air through an opening in the chest
Solar plexus- middle portion of the abdomen, network of
nerves
Traumatic asphyxia- cessation of breathing caused by a
direct blow
Viscera- internal abdominal organs
Abdominal Injuries
• You will be able to identify
abdominal/thorax structures.
• You will be able to describe the
functions of those structures.
• You will be able to recognize and
treat injuries to the abdominal
region.
ANATOMY Four Quadrants
• 1.Upper right.
– Right lobe of liver, part of heart, right kidney, gall
bladder.
• 2. Upper left.
– Left lobe of liver, left kidney, part of heart, spleen,
stomach.
• 3. Lower right.
– Appendix, intestines.
• 4. Lower left.
– intestines.
• Upper middle- pancreas
• Lower middle- bladder
Four Quadrants
C a ro ti d a rt e ry
In n o m i n a t e a rt e ry
S u b c l a v i a n a rt e ry
H e a rt
Lung
A o rt a
P u l m o n a ry
a rte r y
A l v e o l a r c a p i l l a ri e s
L e ft a tr i u m
R i g h t a tr i u m
L e ft v e n tri c l e
R i g h t v e n t ri c l e
B ra c h i a l a rt e ry
L iv e r
He p at ic
K id n e y
a r te r y
R e n a l a r te ry
L a rg e i n te s ti ne s
C a p i l l a ri e s o f
g a s tro i n te s ti n a l t ra c t
S m a ll i n te s ti ne s
Il i a c a r te ry
F e m o ra l a rt e ry
T i b i a l a r te ry
A R TE RIA L S Y S TE M
Anatomical Structures Of The Abdomen And
Thorax
• 1. Spleen= the largest lymphatic organ in the
body. Stores RBC (red blood cells), produce antibodies
for immunological function
• 2. Liver= largest internal organ. Absorbs/stores
glucose, process nutrients
• 3. Kidneys= filter metabolic waste from blood and
excretes through urine
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4. Pancreas= produces insulin that control the
amount of glucose/amino acids in the blood. Aids in
digestion of fats, CHO, proteins
• 5. Gallbladder= stores bile
• 6. Heart
• 7. Small intestine= absorption and
digestion of food is done here. 20 feet
• 8. Large intestine= expels waste, 6.5 feet
Anatomical structures
• Sternum
– Manubrium
– Body
– Xiphoid process
• Ribs
– Sternal ribs/ true ribs 1-7
– False ribs 8-10
– Floating ribs 11-12
– Costal cartilage
– Intercostal muscle
Injuries And Treatment Of
Abdominal Region
• Abdominal muscle strains
• Internal/external obliques,
rectus abdominis, transverse
abdominis
• S/S pain and loss of function
• Hernia• S/S pain with movement,
deformity, loss of function
• Side ache-idiopathic condition
Injuries Continued
• Appendicitis
• Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting
• Low grade fever, localized pain in the
• Right side, can’t sit still, pain with
hyperextension of thigh
• McBurney’s point
• Rx.= Hospital
• Blow to the solar plexus
• Anoxia, paralysis to the diaphragm,
• Have them relax, breathe easy, tell them to
take a deep breath
Injuries continued
• Spleen injury
• Mono enlarges and weakens
• Kehr’s sign
• Shock
• Rx: Treat for shock and call EMS
Injuries Cont.
• Liver contusion.
• Rare, hepatitis, leads to shock, pain.
• Referred behind right scapula, rt. Shoulder,
substernal area.
• Rx=Dr. and treat for shock.
• Kidney contusion.
• Direct blow, blood in the urine.
• Rx=Dr.
• Rib fractures/sternum Fx.
• Anatomy=intercostals muscles and
cartilage.
• Very point tender, and difficulty breathing.
• Rx: Dr., treat for shock, keep calm,
monitor vitals
Injuries Cont.
• Costochondral separation/dislocation.
• Same as rib fx.
• Hemothorax.
• Blood within the pleural cavity.
• Same as above.
• Pneumothorax.
• Air in the pleural cavity leads to collapsed lung.
• Pain, anoxia, difficulty in breathing.
Special Considerations
• Diabetes
• S/S:
– Tired/irritable
– Losing weight
– Urinating all the
time
– Eating a lot
– Weak
http://www.mhhe.com/catalogs/s
em/hhp/faculty/esims.mhtml
• MHHE Health & Human Performance
Supersite
• Unit 24: 01-04 Thorax and Abdominal
Injuries