Transcript ENERGY SYSTEMS - Shelton State

Energy Systems
for Exercise
Presenter: Ms. Lea Green
The human body is made to move
in many ways:
• Quick and powerful
• Graceful & coordinated
• Sustained for many hours
And is dependent upon the capacity to
produce energy
We have a great amount of
diversity
• Quick movements-lasts a few seconds
• Reduced speed-lasts for several minutes
• Reduced intensity(50%)-lasts for several
hours
The body uses different energy systems for
each activity
Cells in the body need energy to
function
FOOD=ENERGY (E)
Cells don’t get Energy directly from
food, it must be broken down into:
ATP-Adensosine TRIphosphate
ATP = a form of energy one can
immediately use, it is needed for
cells to function & muscles to
contract
Nutrients that give us energy:
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Digestion
Glucose
Fatty acids
Amino Acids
Absorbed into the blood & transported to cells
(muscle, liver & nerve)
They are used to produce ATP or stored
ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore
the rest is stored as:
•Glucose = Glycogen (muscle & liver)
•Fatty Acids = Body fat
•Amino Acids = Growth, repair or excreted
as waste
Predominant Energy Pathways
•ATP (2-3 seconds)
•ATP-CP Energy System (8-10 seconds)
•Anaerobic Energy System (2-3 minutes)
•Aerobic Energy System (3 minutes +)
0 sec
4 sec
10 sec
1.5 min
3 min +
Strength – Power:
power lift, shot put, golf swing
Sustained Power:
sprints, fast breaks, football
Anaerobic Power – Endurance:
200-400 m dash, 100 m swim
Aerobic Endurance:
Beyond 800 m run
Immediate/short-term
non-oxidative systems
Aerobic-oxidative
system
ATP-CP Energy System
ATP is stored in the muscle & liver for “Quick
Energy”
• Nerve impulses trigger breakdown of ATP into ADP
• ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate & 1 Phosphate
• The splitting of the Phosphate bond = Energy for
work
Ex. Muscle Contraction, Moving hand from a hot
stove, Jumping & Throwing
The ATP Molecule
a. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine
P
P
P
b. The breakdown of ATP:
Adenosine
P
Energy
P
Energy for cellular function
ATP = ADP + energy for biological work + P
(ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate)
P
For contractions to continue… ATP must be
REBUILT
This comes from the splitting of CP (Creatine
Phosphate a Hi energy source, automatic)
When ATP is used – it is rebuilt – as long as
there is CP
Energy released from CP breaking down,
resynthesizes the ADP & P
REMEMBER – only small amounts of ATP are
stored = only 2-3 sec. of Energy
ATP-CP = 8-10 sec. of Energy
The usefulness isn’t the AMOUNT of Energy
but the QUICK & POWERFUL movements
For longer periods of work = The
Aerobic & Anaerobic Energy System must be
utilized
The Immediate Resynthesis of ATP by CP
a. Creatine Phosphate (CP)
Creatine
P
High energy bond
b. CP = Creatine + energy for resynthesis of ATP + P
Creatine
P
Energy
c. ADP + energy from CP + P = ATP (reversal of ATP = ADP + P + energy for work)
Adenosine
P
P
P
Anaerobic Energy System
• Without oxygen = Activities that require a
large burst of energy over a short period
of time
• Anaerobic Glycolysis = Production of ATP
from Carbohydrates without oxygen
(breakdown of glucose)
Since glycogen is stored in the muscle &
liver, it is available quickly
This system provides ATP when ATP-CP runs
out
Again, ATP-CP lasts for a few seconds, the
Anaerobic Energy System allows for 2-3
minutes of work
1.The process to produce ATP is not as fast
as ATP-CP, which makes muscle contraction
slower
2.When oxygen is not present the end
product of glycolisis is lactic acid, which
causes the muscles to fatigue
3.Anaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in
producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, BUT
is needed for a large burst of energy
lasting a few minutes
Without Oxygen
Glucose = 2ATP + 2LA
(digested component of carbohydrates)
Glycogen = 3ATP + 2LA
(the storage form of glucose)
With Oxygen
Glucose + O2 = 36ATP + H2O + CO2
Fatty Acids + O2 = 129ATP
Body Fat is a great source of ENERGY
Oxygen Deficit = The body can not supply
enough O2 to the muscles that the muscles
demand
•When the muscle does not get enough
oxygen, exhaustion is reached causing
immediate and involuntary reduction in
intensity
Oxygen Debt = “pays back” the deficit
recovery time
Aerobic Energy System
• With Oxygen = Using large muscle groups
continuously over a period of time
• Aerobic Glycolisis & Fatty Acid Oxidation =
The production of ATP from Carbohydrates
& Fat
1.O2 enters the system, stopping the
breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid
2.With oxygen, glycogen breaks down
into: ATP + CO2 + H20
3.These byproducts are easier to get rid of
CO2 is expelled by the lungs
H20 is used in the muscle
4.Anaerobic Energy System =
Carbohydrates are the only fuel source
5.With prolonged exercise, Carbohydrates
are the first fuel choice, as exercise
continues, FAT becomes predominant
6.Protein is not a main fuel source except
in an emergency
•Each system plays an important role in
energy production
•This gives us a variety of movements
•The systems interact to supply Energy for
the activity
Examples
Anaerobic
70-80% Anaerobic
Aerobic
20-30% Aerobic
Wt. Training
Stop & Go Sports
Jogging
Gymnastics
Tennis
Marathons
Football
Soccer
Cycling
Baseball
Field Hockey
Aerobic Dance
Shelton State
Wellness Center
PED 223
Methods of Instruction