Transcript Infrared Radiation , Microwave , Ultraviolet Radiation

Infrared Radiation,
Microwave, Ultraviolet
Radiation.
Infrared
 Infrared
lamps emits electromagnetic radiation
within frequency range  heat absorbed by
the matter.
 IR
is emitted by many sources (e.g. the sun).
Physical Characteristics

IR radiation has wave length
of 770 nm to 1 mm.
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Part of EM spectrum lying
between visible light and
microwave.
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Divided into 3 bands:
1- IR-A: 770 to 1400 nm
2- IR-B: 1400 to 3000 nm
3- IR-C: 3000 to 106
Types of IR radiation (Used clinically)
 Luminous
(visible)
 Non luminous (invisible)
IR lamps available emit radiation of wave length
780 and 1500 nm.
Physical Behavior of IRR:
 Reflected
 Absorbed
 Transmitted
 Refracted
 Diffracted
Physiological Effects of IRR:

Metabolic effect:
 Increases
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Circular effect:
 Increases
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blood flow superficially.
Neurological effects:
 Increases
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metabolic activity.
nerve conduction velocity.
Cellular effects:
 Increases elastic fibers in upper dermis.
 Increases ground substance.
 Alters composition of amino acid proteins.
Clinical (Therapeutic) Effects of IRR:

Pain
 Muscle spasm
 Joint stiffness
 Tissue healing
 Circulation
 Edema
 Skin lesion
 Others: before stretching, mobilization, traction,
massage, exercises, E.S. , bile pigments.
Modes of Heat Transfer

Radiation (lamp to body)
 Convection and conduction ( through the body)
Dosage
 Sensory
report of the patient
 ِAdjusted by:
 Changing
power output of the lamp
 Distance of lamp
 Angle of incidence
Time of Application
10 – 20 minutes.
Microwave
 E.M.R.
between the radio waves and infrared.
 Wavelength between 1 m and 1 cm.
 Frequency between 30MHz – 30GHz.
 Available since 1930
 Effective method of heating (highly vascular
tissue)
Production of M.W.
 High
frequency oscillating current.
 Magnetron to generate oscillating currents
directly from high velocity electron motion.
 Coaxial cable.
 Antenna (emitter).
 Intensity control.
 Meter mean of switching.
 Can be continuous or pulsed.
Ultraviolet Radiations
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Physical properties of U.V. radiations:
Electromagnetic radiations.
Frequency 7.5x1014 to over 1015.
Wavelength 400nm to below 290nm.
Lies between x-ray and visible light.
Divided into three bands, A, B and C band.
A and B bands reach the earth, whereas C band is
filtered by the ozone layer
 Produce physiological effect by non thermal
mechanism
 Most
significant source of U.V. is the sun.
 Obeys inverse square and cosine law.
 Intensity is proportional to the power of lamp
output.
 Deepest penetration with high intensity, long
wavelength and lower frequency.
 U.V.A penetrate farthest
 U.V.B and U.V.C are less deep.
 Less deep penetration if skin is thick or dark.
Physiological Effects of U.V.R
1- Erythema production:
 Redness.
 Depends
on the amount of U.V.
 Types of erythema.
 High dose  destructive.
2- Tanning:
Delayed pigmentation of the skin
 Caused by:
 Increase production and upward migration of
melanin granules
 Oxidation of premelanin in the skin
 Protective response of the body
3- Epidermal hyperplasia
 Thickening of
the superficial layer of skin.
 72 hours after exposure.
 Persists for several weeks.
 Protective mechanism.
4- Vitamin D Synthesis
 Conversion
of provitamin D to vitamin D.
5- Other Effects
 Bactericidal effect.
Erythemal Respons
 Suberythemal dose
 No
(SED) :
change in 24h after exposure.
 Minimal
erythema dose (MED) :
dose  erythema (8h)
 Dissapears within 24 hours
 Smallest
 First-degree erythema
(E1) :
 Definite
redness with mild desquamation.
 Appears within 6 hours.
 Lasts for 1 – 3 days
 About 2.5 times MED
 Second
degree erythema (E2)
 Intense
erythema with edema, peeling and
pigmentation.
 Appears within 2 hours or less.
 Like severe sun burn.
 About 5 times MED.
 Third
degree erythema (E3) :
 Erythema
with severe blistering, peeling and
exudation.
 Dose about 10 times MED
Clinical Indications for U.V.
radiation
 Skin
disorder
 Psoriasis and other dermatological conditions
 Non pulmonary T.B.
 Healing wounds
Application Technique
 Determine
patient’s sensitivity to U.V radiation
 Use the same lamp
 Dose
response assessment
 Graded
according to individual’s erythemal
response
The End
 Good Luck To You All 