Transcript Welcome to… - Hoffman Estates High School

Welcome to…
DNA Review
1
Everybody Ready?
Are you sure?
2
What does DNA
stand for?
Deoxyribonuleic
acid
3
How are the two strands
of DNA arranged?
In a spiral shape
or double helix.
4
Name the 3 structures
found in a nucleotide.
•Phosphate
•Sugar
•Nitrogen Base
5
In DNA, Adenine always
matches up with…?
Thymine
6
In DNA, Cytosine always
matches with…?
Guanine
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Name the 4 bases in
alphabetical order.
• Adenine
• Cytosine
• Guanine
• Thymine
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What are the two
purines?
Adenine and
guanine
9
What are the
pyrimidines?
Thymine and
cytosine
10
Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus of a cell.
11
What is the main
purpose of DNA?
To make proteins within
a cell
12
What does RNA
stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
13
What base does RNA
have that is different?
Uracil
14
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA
15
What is the sequence of
bases on DNA that code
for a specific trait called?
A gene
16
What does mRNA stand
for?
Messenger RNA
17
What is a string of
amino acids called?
A protein
18
The process of
duplication of DNA is
called?
Replication
19
How is mRNA different
from DNA (3 ways)
• It is single stranded and can
leave the nucleus by passing
through the nuclear pores
• The sugar is ribose instead of
deoxyribose
• RNA does not have the nitrogen
base thymine (uracil instead).
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Three nucleotides on mRNA
are called?
A codon
21
What is an anticodon?
It is the tRNA that matches
base pairs (complimentary)
with mRNA.
22
The process by which
RNA is produced from
DNA is?
Transcription
23
On which type of RNA is
the anticodon found?
tRNA
24
What is the purpose of
mRNA ?
•To arrange amino acids in the
correct order to make a
particular protein.
•To take the DNA message to
the ribosome.
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Where does the mRNA
go when it leaves the
nucleus?
Carries the genetic
message to the cell’s
ribosomes.
26
Where does translation
take place?
At the site of the ribosomes
27
Changing an mRNA
message into the
protein is called?
Translation
28
How many letters are in
a genetic word?
three
29
Match these pairs (DNA)
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Adenine
Tymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Cytosine
Tymine
Guanine
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
30
Match these pairs (RNA)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Guanine
Adenine
Adenine
Tymine
Cytosine
Tymine
Guanine
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cytosine
Uracil
Uracil
Adenine
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
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Match tRNA with the mRNA
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•
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AAA
CGA
GAU
GUU
UAU
CAU
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•
•
•
UUU
GCU
CUA
CAA
AUA
GUA
32
The formation of proteins using
information coded on DNA and
carried out by RNA is called?
Protein synthesis
Gene Expression
33
What is a polypeptide?
A protein chain made of
amino acids
34