Transcript Document

Lecture 3b
24 Jan 2011
LIFE CYCLE NUTRITION
Child
Adolescent
The child section of this lecture based largely on
the website indicated in lecture 3b notes on the
web
Child
1-12 years of age
1-5 years
Healthy eating accomplishes:
-energy and nutrients for growth
-develop sense of taste acceptance
and enjoyment of different
foods-significance of this?
-contribution to sense of well being
-instillation of attitudes and
practices for lifelong healthpromoting activity patterns
2-5 years
-age of experimentation- like to try new
foods-significance ?
-striving for independence-eat foods on a
whim (2-3), older in group (4-5 years) like
to help select and prepare foods
(significance)
-do not be concerned about dawdling
over food at any one time
-imitate people around them- have other
children and adults set a good example
2-5 year olds continued
-healthy eating is :

being curious about new foods and ways
of eating them;

examining the chicken sandwich before
they eat it;

accepting toast only if it is cut in
triangles;

trying only a bite of squash today maybe more tomorrow;

drinking milk only if they can pour it into
their own glass;
2-5 year olds continued
-healthy eating is :

loving carrots on Tuesday, refusing them
on Wednesday;

insisting the apple be whole - not in slices

wanting a peanut butter sandwich for
lunch every day for a week;

gobbling up the cookies they helped to
prepare when they are fresh from the oven;

preferring simple foods they can
recognise;

drinking soup out of a coffee mug just like
mom's.
2-5 year olds continued
For preschoolers, variety promotes:
•an adequate intake of essential nutrients
•the positive and pleasurable aspects of eating by
exploring a wide range of foods varying in colour,
flavour and texture
•the use of foods and cuisines enjoyed by different
ethnic and cultural groups
2-5 year olds continued
Vegetarianism
lacto-ovo vegetariansno one eats meat or fish, however they do eat
milk products and eggs.
use the Food Guide to choose foods from all the
food groups.
prepare a variety of dishes using tofu, other
legumes such as dried peas, beans and lentils,
nuts and nut butters, and eggs to meet the
recommended number of servings from the
Meat and Alternatives food group.
Pre-schoolers- 2-5 years old- lacto-ovo-vegetarians
-enough protein, iron and zinc because of milk
products, legumes and grain products eaten every
day and eggs a few times a week.
-at least two cups of milk every day.
milk on cereal at breakfast and in soups and
puddings made with milk. -ensures an adequate
intake of vitamin D, calcium and vitamin B12, a
vitamin that is found only in foods of animal origin.
What about strict vegetarians ?
2-5 year olds continued
Introduction of new foods
•being role models. Children are more eager to eat
foods that they see family and friends enjoying;
•presenting food in appealing ways by combining
different colours, textures and shapes of food;
offering small quantities of a new food alongside a
familiar one, without pressure to eat the new food;
•serving a new food when children are with their
peers;
2-5 year olds continued Introducing new foods
•encouraging them to become familiar with
different foods by helping to grow, buy, prepare or
serve them;
•being patient. If an unfamiliar food is not accepted
the first time, it can be offered again later. The
more often children are exposed to new foods, the
more likely they will taste them and learn to accept
them
Introducing new foods -2-5 year olds
•not using foods as rewards. For example,
withholding a sweet dessert until all the
vegetables are eaten may establish a preference
for the dessert and a dislike for the vegetables;
respecting individual food preferences. Every
child has different likes and dislikes.
6-12 year olds
in this range children are learning to make
decisions and beginning to choose for
themselves more often
6-12 year olds continued
-continue to promote healthy eating by
remembering that:
children choose on the basis of :
a) taste
b) family influences
c) school policies and practices
d) volunteers and professionals who work
with children-guidance
including obesity issues
e) media messages-corporate nutrition
f ) peer pressure-kids mimic other kids
6-12 year olds continued
-choose foods that child likes in a food group
while encouraging variety
6-12 year olds continued -remember- water-give
own water bottle
-quenches thirst, is inexpensive,
helps prevent tooth decay
does not ruin appetite for food
-children like complex
carbohydrate foods
(oatmeal, rice bread,
noodles)- good since Health
Canada encourages more
food energy from complex
carbohydrates- Why?
6-12 year olds continued
Remember
-different kids need different amounts
of energy
eg females 7-9 = adult female
-females 10-12 and males 7-12
need more energy than 9 year
old female
-dental health-watch the sugars and
dental care
6-12 year olds continued
Remember
-to encourage healthy eating by:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
consistency
guidance and support
positive role models
pleasant meal and snack times
access to a variety of nutritious
foods
Adolescence
-watch
intake of:
- fat-balance lower and higher fat
foods each day
- pop-obesity
-eating take away foods-burgers,
chips etc are a favourite of the
species
-Adolescents continued:
- follow
Canada’s food guide
-for growing teenagers number of
servings at top of range
-when stop growing come down a
serving unless very active