Transcript Heredity & Human Affairs LAB PRACTICAL #1 REVIEW

Heredity & Human Affairs
LAB PRACTICAL #1
REVIEW
Don’t Forget to STUDY!
QUESTION…
“A”, “T”, “G”, & “C” are
the common bases
found in a DNA
molecule. What does
each letter stand for?
QUESTION…
What organelle is primarily
responsible for housing DNA?
QUESTION…
What kinds of molecules are put
together to make a protein &
what holds them together?
QUESTION…
Name the structure shown.
QUESTION…
Name this
stage of the
life cycle.
QUESTION…
DNA
RNA
PROTEINS
Name the processes indicated by
the “pink” arrow and the “blue”
arrow shown above.
QUESTION… Name the disorder.
Bonus: Is this
person a male
or a female?
QUESTION…
The male gamete is __________,
while the female gamete is
_________.
Bonus: Both gametes are
haploid / diploid.
QUESTION…
How many chromosomes do flies
have?
QUESTION…
What molecules can be
synthesized directly from an
existing DNA molecule?
QUESTION… What’s wrong?
Bonus: Is this
person a male
or a female?
QUESTION…
Humans have
__________ pairs
of homologous
chromosomes.
Be specific in your
answer!!!
QUESTION…
Sex-linked traits are those found
on the homologous / nonhomologous portion of the X
chromosomes / Y chromosome.
QUESTION… Name the disorder.
Bonus: Is this
person a male
or a female?
QUESTION…
Give the genotype of the fly
pictured here.
QUESTION…What’s this?
QUESTION…
Give the genotype of the fly
pictured here.
QUESTION…
A pictorial representation of chromosomes
arranged in pairs and organized by size
is termed a ____________________.
Bonus:
What stage of Mitosis are these
chromosomes most visible?
QUESTION…
What sex is this person?
QUESTION…
How many human chromosomes
are sex chromosomes?
QUESTION…
Name this
stage of the
life cycle.
QUESTION… Name the disorder.
Bonus: Is this
person a male
or a female?
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
apterous (ap, ap)
wild (+, +)
What are the possible phenotypes
of the F1 generation?
QUESTION…
Give the genotype of the fly
pictured here.
QUESTION…
What is this? Be specific.
Bonus: How many pairs of chromosomes
does this organism possess?
QUESTION…
Name the genus, pictured below, that you
have been working with in lab since the
beginning of the semester (common
name: “fruit fly”).
QUESTION…
Name the stages, in sequential order, of a
typical “fruit fly” life cycle.
QUESTION…
What is this? Be specific.
Bonus: How many chromosomes does this
organism possess?
QUESTION… Name the disorder
Bonus: Is this
person a male
or a female?
QUESTION…
Name this
stage of the
life cycle.
QUESTION…
How many autosomal pairs of
chromosomes does this organism
possess?
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
apterous (ap, ap)
wild (+, +)
You mate the flies above ultimately
resulting in an F2 generation in which
there are 200 flies total. How many
will have wings?
QUESTION…
Name the sex chromosomes in a
normal human male.
QUESTION…
Name this
stage of the
life cycle.
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
You cross two wingless flies. What
are the expected genotypic &
phenotypic ratios of the F1 & F2
generations?
QUESTION…
Is this fly MALE or FEMALE?
QUESTION…
Name the stage of the life cycle shown.
QUESTION…
Is this fly MALE or FEMALE?
QUESTION…
Name the structures shown here which are
only found on the forelimbs of MALE fruit
flies
QUESTION…
How many pairs of chromosomes does
this organism possess?
Bonus: How
many of its
chromosomes
are autosomal?
QUESTION…
How many pairs of chromosomes
does this organism possess?
QUESTION…
NAME this mutation & state whether its
AUTOSOMAL or SEX-LINKED?
QUESTION…
Name the ORGAN you extracted from this
organism.
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
apterous (ap, ap)
wild (+, +)
What are the possible genotypes
of the F1 generation?
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
You cross a red-eyed male with a
white-eyed female. Your F1 male
offspring all have white eyes,
whereas all females have red eyes.
What can you predict about the F2
generation?
QUESTION… Name the disorder.
Bonus: Is this
person a male
or a female?
QUESTION…
Gametes produced by this individual will
have which sex chromosome(s)?
QUESTION…
NAME this mutation.
State whether its AUTOSOMAL or SEXLINKED?
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
(Xw, Xw)
(X+, Y)
What is the phenotypic ratio of
the F2 generation?
QUESTION…
What chromosome can this
mutation be found on?
QUESTION…
How many chromosomes does this
organism possess?
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
apterous (ap, ap)
wild (+, +)
What is the recessive gene shown
above?
QUESTION…
What chromosome can this
mutation be found on?
QUESTION…
Gametes produced by this individual will
have which sex chromosome(s)?
QUESTION…
Name the organism you used to obtain &
visualize these structures.
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
apterous (ap, ap)
wild (+, +)
What is the phenotypic ratio of
the F2 generation?
QUESTION…
What color eyes does a wild-type
fruit fly have?
What color eyes does an apterous
fruit fly have?
QUESTION…
Does this mutation affect MALES or
FEMALES more often?
Bonus:
Explain why
this is so.
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
You mate the flies above resulting in
an “F1 generation”. What does the
“F1” generation stand for?
QUESTION…
You have a “normal” fly as
shown here. However, you
do not know if it is (+, +) or
(+, ap). Explain one
method you could use to
determine its genotype.
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
apterous (ap, ap)
wild (+, +)
What proportion of flies will
have wings in the F1 generation?
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
(Xw, Xw)
(X+, Y)
What proportion of males will
have white eyes in the F1
generation?
QUESTION…
The Principle of
Base Pairing
states that a
__________
always pairs with
its
complementary
__________.
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
You cross a homozygous wild-type
male with a homozgyous apterous
female. What are the expected
genotypic & phenotypic ratios of the
F1 generation?
QUESTION…
Name the
nitrogenous
bases which are
purines.
QUESTION…
Name the
nitrogenous
bases which are
pyrimidines.
QUESTION…
The doublestranded DNA
helical molecule
is held together
by weak / strong
__________
bonds.
QUESTION…
P1:
x
(Xw, Xw)
(X+, Y)
In a cross such as this one, the
phenotypes usually switch in the F1
generation due to the fact that this is a
______________________ trait.
QUESTION…
Each nucleotide
is comprised of
these three
components:
1.__________,
2. __________, &
3.__________.
QUESTION…
Consider the
structure of the
DNA molecule.
What accounts for
the variability in
this molecule?
QUESTION…
P1 :
x
apterous (ap, ap)
wild (+, +)
What is the genotypic ratio of
the F2 generation?
QUESTION…
Single-stranded RNA
does not contain
which nitrogenous
base that is present
in the doublestranded DNA
molecule?
QUESTION…
The process in which RNA is
converted into an amino acid is
called _______________ and occurs
in the ______________ part of cell.
RNA
Amino
Acid
QUESTION…
The process in which RNA is
synthesized from a template strand
of DNA is called _______________.
“A”
QUESTION…
Translation occurs on these
organelles which are located in
the cytoplasm of a cell.
QUESTION…
The process in which mRNA is used
to synthesize an amino acid is called
_______________.
“A”
QUESTION…
The process in which RNA is
synthesized from a template strand
of DNA is called _______________
and occurs in the ______________
part of cell.
DNA
RNA
QUESTION…
Amino acids are joined to form
larger ______________ chains.
QUESTION…
Explain the difference between an
ALLELE and a GENE.
QUESTION…
Name this molecule.
QUESTION…
The process shown here is called
_______________.
QUESTION…
Name the bond that joins these
molecules together?
QUESTION…
The 5-Carbon
sugar molecule
that makes up DNA
is called
_______________.
QUESTION…
Name the molecule formed when
these units are joined together.
Bonus: The process in which this molecule is
formed from RNA is called
____________________.
QUESTION…
The number of ADENINES in a molecule
of DNA always equals the number of
____________; wheras the number of
CYTOSINES in a molecule of DNA
always equals the number of
__________.
QUESTION…
Replicate the strand of DNA below. Give
the sequence of the complementary
strand formed.
DNA= A G C T G C
QUESTION…
Give the sequence of the RNA strand
formed from the DNA template shown
below.
DNA= A G C T G C
QUESTION…
Purine __________
always pairs with
Pyrimidine
___________.
QUESTION…
This molecule is synthesized in
what part of the cell?
QUESTION…
Where is DNA found in a cell?
QUESTION…
Name the bond that holds these
amino acid molecules together.
QUESTION…
Approximately
how many
genes are in a
single cell?
QUESTION…
The process shown here occurs
during what stage of MEIOSIS?
QUESTION…
The bond that joins these two
molecules together is WEAK /
STRONG.
QUESTION…
The molecule shown below aids in the
formation of a polypeptide. Where in
the cell is it located?
QUESTION…
What part of the a.a. is responsible for
the reaction that forms a peptide
bond? Give the functional groups.
QUESTION…
The blue & red pairs or pink & green
pairs of chromosomes shown here
are called _______________
chromosomes.
QUESTION…
What accounts for the variability
in these amino acids?
QUESTION…
The molecule shown below directs the
process of translation. Name it.
QUESTION…
Name the STRUCTURES you extracted
from this organism
Bonus: What stain
did you use to view
these structures?
QUESTION…
An mRNA codon consists of how
many bases?
QUESTION…
You have a father who has brown hair/brown eyes
and a mother who has blonde hair/blue eyes.
Assuming both are homozygous for both genes,
what are the possible phenotypes of their
offspring?
QUESTION…
Crossing over events occur during
______________ of Mitosis / Meiosis.
QUESTION…
One gene is
approximately
how long?
Explain your
answer.
QUESTION…
Meiotic recombination has occurred
here. What is the significance of this
event?
QUESTION…
What is produced (the by-product) when
two or more of these molecules are
bonded?
QUESTION…
mRNA sequences are “read” in
groups of ____’s.