Transcript The Chemistry of Life

DO NOW:
The chart below indicates the elements contained
in four different molecules and the number of atoms
of each element in those molecule.
Number of Atoms
Element
Molecule A
Molecule B
Molecule C
Molecule D
Hydrogen
12
0
3
0
Carbon
6
1
0
1
Nitrogen
0
0
1
0
Oxygen
6
2
0
3
Calcium
0
0
0
1
Which molecule can be classified as organic?
Discussion
They say that breakfast is the
most important meal of the day.
Why do you think cereal and
orange juice are good food and
drink to have for breakfast?
AIM: THE CHEMISTRY OF
LIFE
CARBOHYDRATES
1) WHAT IS A CARBOHYDRATE?
1) A carbohydrate is an organic molecule.
Carbohydrates play a central role in the storage
of “useable” energy and the release of
“useable” energy.
•All energy comes from the sun, but only
plants can use the sun’s energy.
•Plants convert the sun’s energy into glucose
through the process of Photosynthesis.
•Glucose (a carbohydrate) is the only way
living things (organisms) can get energy.
2) WHERE DO WE FIND
CARBOHYDRATES?
2) Carbohydrates are found in most foods such
as: fruits and vegetables, cereals and bread,
pasta, starch and sugar.
3) WHAT DOES
CARBOHYDRATES
LOOK LIKE?
3) Carbohydrates are ringed
shaped molecules.
The general formula for carbohydrates is C1H2O1
Which means - for every 1 carbon atom there
are 2 hydrogen atoms
4) CAN CARBOHYDRATES
HAVE MORE THAN ONE RING?
4) Carbohydrates are also known as saccharide.
Carbohydrates that have only one ring are known as
monosaccharide (mono – means one). Simple Sugars
Those carbohydrates that contain two rings are
known as disaccharides.
(di-means two). Starch
Those carbohydrates that contain many rings are
known as polysaccharides (poly-means many). Starch
MONOSACCHARIDE
DISACCHARIDE
POLYSACCHARIDE
5) WHY DO SOME CARBOHYDRATES
HAVE MORE THAN ONE RING?
•5) Plants can store unused energy by
forming polysaccharides (starches).
•When energy is needed, the organism
will break down the starch into its
subunits – glucose.
6) OTHER THAN RING SHAPED, WHAT
CLUES ON A TEST CAN TELL ME IF
SOMETHING IS A CARBOHYDRATE?
6) You can always tell a sugar from
other chemicals. All sugars end with
the letters “ose”.
Examples:
Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose
Aim: What is a Lipid?
1) What are lipids?
1) A lipid is a huge (macro) organic molecule
that are composed of fatty acids and glycerols.
2) Where can we find lipids?
2)Lipids can be found in many foods like: oils,
fats and wax.
3) Why are lipids important?
4) Lipids provide two major
functions:
a) To store energy- Organisms can store excess
carbohydrates in the form of lipids.
b) Provide barriers- Lipids are very important in
membrane (barrier) production
4) Are there different types of lipids?
4) There are three categories of
lipids:
a: Saturated
b: Unsaturated
c: Phospholipids
a) Saturated Lipids
a) Saturated lipids are lipid molecules that
contains no double or triple bonded carbon.
b) Unsaturated Lipids.
b) Unsaturated lipids are lipid molecules that
contains at least one double and/or triple
bonded carbon.
c) Phospholipids
c) Phospholipids are lipid molecules that
have a phosphate attached to it. They are
the primary molecule that make up a cell’s
membrane.