Transcript CELLS! - Mr. McCabe

Head Bands! (UNIT VOCAB)
• Everyone in your group should look at the headbands.
• Everyone should have completed their headband
pictures.
• You will need a 30 second timer and a half sheet of
paper (with your name on it!) to record your progress.
• Lay them face down, randomly pick one up.
• You cant say your word, or rhymes with, and only
have 5 questions to ask for clues to what word is on
your headband without looking! YES or NO questions.
You get 2 guesses at your word. Keep track of how
many total words you do and how many (including
which ones) you got correct.
• Familiarize yourself with all the words before you start.
CH. 1 Cell Biology
Unit Vocabulary! (Left hand page!)
Macromolecule (4)
(Cell energy)
catalyst
(1) Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
(2) lipid
(3) protein
enzyme
(4) nucleic acid
Nucleotide
amino acid
(Type of cell)
Prokaryote (basic)
Eukaryote (advanced)
(Parts of cells animal/plant)
Endoplasmic reticulum (A/P)
Golgi apparatus (A/P)
Chloroplast (P)
mitochondria (A/P)
HOMEWORK!
• Due tomorrow: Section ?’s and vocab (quiz on
your reading)
• Due Friday – Cell Biology Cover Page. 4
pictures, COLOR!
• Friday – weekly quiz on homework
CH.1
Cell Biology
Standard 1a-h
New open entry
CH. 1 Cell Biology
Unit Vocabulary! (Left hand page!)
macromolecule
enzyme
Carbohydrate
catalyst
Monosaccharide
Prokaryote
lipid
Eukaryote
protein
Endoplasmic reticulum
amino acid
Golgi apparatus
nucleic acid
Chloroplast
Nucleotide
mitochondria
CH. 1 Cell Biology
Top of page right hand page
Structure
Function
CELLS
Homeostasis
Standard 1 CELL BIOLOGY
Cell Biology
(UNDER mind map)
Standard 1 CELL BIOLOGY
The fundamental life processes of plants and
animals depend on a variety of Chemical
reactions that occur in specialized areas of
the organism’s cells.
4 pictures, 4 colors min. that have to do with Cell
Biology (remember your vocab!)
YEEHAW!!!
• You will need your notebook open to your
daily questions
• You will need a ½ sheet of paper
(hamburger style), share the other with the
person next to you for your reading quiz
from last nights homework.
• Have a finger or paper in your homework
so I can check!
Daily Question #10
1. Classify the following as a protein, nucleic acid,
carbohydrate, or lipid:
a.
b.
Potato
DNA
c. apple juice
d. glucose
e. beef jerky
f. egg white
g. whole milk
h. egg yolk
2. Are saturated fats solid or liquid at room
temperature?
3. Are unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room
temperature?
4. Which type of bond “shares” electrons but the
electrons are unable to move?
5. What type of bond is produced between two charged
particles (+/-).
6. Simple ________ like sugar, can be utilized for
immediate energy needs. ______ on the other hand
are more essential for long term energy storage.
Homework ch 3.1
•Left hand side ?’s on top, vocabulary on the
bottom.
•?’s
•1. Draw a diagram and label the main parts of
the atom.
•2. Name and describe the 3 types of bonds.
•3. Why is it essential to understand atoms
behavior in order to understand cells behavior.
•Vocabulary - matter, atom, element, valence
electrons, compound
What is life?
• What are
some defining
characteristics
of Life?
• How can you tell if something
is alive?
• Movement, sensitivity,
development, complexity,
death.
• Everything living is
comprised of Cells.
• Cells are comprised of
atoms, the building blocks of
everything.
•Lets take a look back…
Atoms: the chemistry of life.
• Describe the
structure of an
atom.
• Structure of atoms
–Nucleus (P/N)
–electrons
• Valence electrons are those
that are on the OUTSIDE shell.
•Shells can hold between 2-32
(2,8,18,32,32) electrons
•EVERY ATOM DESIRES TO
BE BALANCED! OR in a state
of homeostasis.
Atoms: the chemistry of life.
• Atoms form bonds to
• Why do Atoms
STABILIZE, or create
form bonds?
homeostasis.
• A chemical bond is the force
that holds atoms or ions
together.
Atoms: the chemistry of life.
•Describe the 3 •METALLIC bonds
types of bonds.
– Between two “metal” elements.
– SHARES electrons.
– (e-) move freely (electricity)
On your next open left hand page…
• Copy the chart that is on your desk, landscape
(sideways)
• You will have homework tonight with a quiz on
the vocabulary and questions (10pts) tomorrow.
PAY ATTENTION! And study.
• You will have 8 minutes. Add color for full
credit.
Homework! Ch. 3.4
• Remember homework goes on the Left hand
sides of your notebooks, the EVEN pages.
• Vocabulary words that are important: energy,
reactant, product, activation energy,
enzyme, substrate, active site, metabolism.
• Questions 1,2,3,5 from book. Write in
COMPLETE sentences. Write the PAGE
NUMBER where you found the answer
(evidence) in order to receive full credit (on
words too).
• Quiz tomorrow on reading/vocabulary.
METALLIC BOND
METALLIC BONDS form when any element in the METAL
group bond with another element in the METAL group.
Metallic bonds are WAY better than M&M’s because they
are M&M&M (Metallic bond = Metal + Metal) Get it?
Atoms: the chemistry of life.
•Distinguish
• IONIC Bond
between the 3
– the force that holds oppositely
charged ions together.
types of bonds.
•Metal ions are positive (cations)
•Nonmetal ions are negative
(cations)
•Any “salt”
IONIC BONDS form when any element in the METAL group
bond with any other element in the NON-METAL group.
Since our bodies contain IONIC BONDS – I aM aN Ionic
Bond. Get it? IMN (Ionic Bond = Metal + Nonmetal)
Atoms: the chemistry of life.
•Distinguish
• COVALENT Bond
between the 3
–SHARE 1 or more electrons
(literally)
types of bonds.
– e- share to gain a full outer
shell (8). HOMEOSTASIS.
COVALENT BONDS form when any element in the NONMETAL group bond with any other element in the NONMETAL group.
Covalent Bonds made the news on CNN. Get it?
Covalent Bond = Nonmetal +Nonmetal.
Organic compounds are COVALENT BONDS!
Standard 1h
Students know most macromolecules
(polysaccharides, nucleic acids,
proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms
are synthesized from a small collection
of simple precursors.
(all “standards” need to be highlighted in
your book)
Atoms: the chemistry of life.
•What are organic •Organic Molecules are atoms
molecules?
with carbon
–Molecules = ?
•Macromolecules are 2 or
•What are
macromolecules? more ORGANIC molecules
bonded together.
•What are the 4
– macromolecule = 1 or more
main types of
molecule with carbon.
macromolecules.
•There are 4 main types of
macromolecules…
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Macromolecules
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
DNA
RNA
Organic Compounds (Macromolecules)
include
Carbohydrates
That consist of..
Glucose(sugar)
molecules. Mono (simple)
is one chain, poly
(complex) = many chains
Function is:
1.Short term energy. 2.
Structural suppor. 3. Cell
recognition.
Examples are:
Proteins
That consist of..
Chains of amino acids in
a specific 3d shape for
specific FUNCTION.
Function is:
WORKHORSE! Proteins
= life.
Examples are:
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
That consist of..
That consist of..
Fat, waxes,
phoshpolipids, and
steroids.
Nucleotides (3 parts:
sugar, phosphate and
nitrogen base)
Function is:
1. Long term energy. 2.
Water barrier (philic,
phobic)
Examples are:
Function is:
To provide
INSTRUCTIONS, or
genetic code. To provide
energy (ATP)
Examples are:
Energy - sugar, glucose.
Structure- cellulose
(plants).
Keratin - hair, nails.
Antibodies - kill
invaders. Enzymes carryout biochemical
reactions
Main purpose of fat is
storage, more efficient
than carbs. Barriers
made of a BI-layer
DNA, RNA located on in
chromosomes in
nucleus of your cells.
Energy = ATP
Extra notes…
Extra notes…
Extra notes…
Extra notes…
Organic Molecules (macromolecules)
Carbohydrates
•Made of C, H, O in ratio of 1-2-1 (sugar)
ENERGY SOURCE!
•Can be simple (monosaccharide, sugar,
quick energy), or complex (polysaccharide,
starch, pasta/rice short term energy
storage).
•Cellulose provides structural support,
plants, becomes undigested fiber in
humans.
•Cows/horses can break down cellulose for
use. Termites
Organic Molecules (macromolecules)
Proteins
•WORKHORSE OF ALL LIFE!
•Composed of long chains of amino acids
•Proteins function determined by its 3D shape.
•Hemoglobin = protein in blood that transports
Oxygen
•Proteins provide structure: collagen = cartilage,
tendons; keratin = hair.
•Proteins act as enzymes which increase chemical
Reactions needed for growth, movement etc.
Organic Molecules (macromolecules)
Lipids
• Fats
•INSOLUBLE (wont dissolve in water) Hydrophilic
head, hydrophobic tail.
•Fats store energy, more carbon-hydrogen bonds
than carbohydrates.
•Saturated fats –solid at room temp. Are “saturated” or
“hydrogenated” with hydrogen.
•Unsaturated fats =liquid at room temp. Olive oil,
vegetable oil etc…
Organic Molecules (macromolecules)
Nucleic Acids
•Two main types: DNA, RNA. Sub units are called
nucleotides which form genes (A,C,G,T/U).
•DNA = double helix. It encodes sequence of
proteins and when they should reproduce. Made
of two RNA strands.
•DNA together with proteins called chromosomes.
•RNA (monomer of DNA)helps in the synthesis of
proteins and carry DNA’s message from one place
to another in a cell.
Standard 1c
Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells
(including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ
in complexity and general structure.
•Main differences
•Describe the
difference
between
prokaryotic cells,
eukaryotic cells
and viruses.
•EUkaryote (has nuclEUs
• HAS nucleus
• HAS nuclear membrane
•Has organelles
•Larger than Prokaryote
•Prokaryote
•has flagellum or cilia for movement.
•Enclosed in Capsule (protection)
•Nucleoid not contained.
•Lack organelles
•“primitive” cell
Organelles = “little
organs” i.e. mitochondria,
vacuole etc…
No organelles
Cell Membrane
Nuclear Membrane
Vacuole
(storage)
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
BOTH
Daily Questions #12
The following are test questions please write
them down INCLUDING THE CHART!
Also write down your answer.
You must choose an answer even if you are
wrong! GUESS if you have to!  The slides
will automatically change after 5 minutes,
so work quickly.
These are individual questions NOT group
questions. Treat them like a quiz. 
Daily Questions #11
*1. Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from
prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells
a. are much smaller
b. have permeable membranes
c. have a higher rate of reproduction
d. have nuclei
*2. Which molecule in plant cells first captures
the radiant energy from sunlight?
a. glucose
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. chlorophyll
d. adenosine triphosphate
Daily Questions #11
*3.
??
Has
Is surrounded by
A rigid coat
of cellulose
mitochondria
A well defined
nuclear membrane
Contains
DNA
chloroplasts
Which of these best completes this concept map?
a. An animal cell
b. A prokaryotic cell
c. A virus
d. A plant cell
Daily Questions #11
*4. A cell from a heart muscle would probably
have an unusually high proportion of
a. lysosomes
b. mitochondria
c. mRNA
d. Golgi bodies
*5. The red blood cell membrane allows water,
oxygen, CO2 and glucose to pass through.
Other substances are blocked making this
membrane
a. perforated
b. semi-permeable
c. non-conductive
d. permeable
Daily Questions #11
*1. Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from
prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells
a. are much smaller
b. have permeable membranes
c. have a higher rate of reproduction
d. have nuclei
*2. Which molecule in plant cells first captures
the radiant energy from sunlight?
a. glucose
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. chlorophyll
d. adenosine triphosphate
Daily Questions #11
*3.
??
Has
Is surrounded by
A rigid coat
of cellulose
mitochondria
A well defined
nuclear membrane
Contains
DNA
chloroplasts
Which of these best completes this concept map?
a. An animal cell
b. A prokaryotic cell
c. A virus
d. A plant cell
Daily Questions #11
*4. A cell from a heart muscle would probably
have an unusually high proportion of
a. lysosomes
b. mitochondria
c. mRNA
d. Golgi bodies
*5. The red blood cell membrane allows water,
oxygen, CO2 and glucose to pass through.
Other substances are blocked making this
membrane
a. perforated
b. semi-permeable
c. non-conductive
d. permeable
Diversity of Cells Lab
• Check the timer, that is how much time you have left,
it’s a Rally day.
• If you run into a question ASK ME, don’t guess.
• READ THE DIRECTIONS!!!
• Clean up your own slides when you are finished in the
front/side sinks. BE CAREFUL. Dry completely.
• Onion cell: peel off a tiny piece of the shiny skin of an
onion, or scrape knife sideways then smear on slide, 1
small drop of methylene blue or lugols solution and
allow it to soak for a few seconds. Then carefully tip
the cover slip on.
• Make sure the STAPH slide stays with your
microscope but clean up everything else.
Macromolecules worksheet
• While you start your Macromolecules
worksheet, have your notebook open for me to
check your CELL picture from the internet.
• DO NOT BE COLORING IT NOW! It should be
finished. If you are coloring it you will not get
credit.
• Have your Eukaryotic/prokaryotic WS out, also
your lab paper.
Macromolecules worksheet
• HW!!!
• Tues- Macro worksheet due, Ch. 7.1 (on
left side of NB) vocab and ?’s 1, 2, 4. quiz
on the vocab.
• Wed – Unit vocab quiz, ch. 7.2 (on the left
had side of NB) vocab and ?’s 2, 3, 4, 5
• Thursday – animal, plant cell half sheet
due, parts quiz.
• Friday – Unit vocab quiz 2 (average score)
CELL as a metaphor
•What did we miss?
• What do YOU think that part could be?
•Bring colored pencils, tomorrow you will create your
OWN cell as a metaphor poster.
•Start thinking of something UNIQUE to represent the
Cell as.
•I will put you in groups to work together to create
something MAGICAL! 