Transcript UNIT 5 SWP - Social Empowerment

UNIT -5
THEORETICAL MODEL IN
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE
Models of Social Work
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Clinical Social Work
Ecological Social Work
Empowerment Social Work
Relief model
Welfare model
Clinical model
Systems model
Radical model
Developmental model
Clinical Social Work
Clinical social work is the professional application of social work
theory and methods,to the diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention,of psychosocial dysfunction, disability, or impairment,
including emotional, mental,and behavioral disorders
(Barker, 2003).
Clinical Social Work practice in health care is to enhance,
promote, maintain, and restore the best possible social
functioning of clients, families and small groups when their
ability to do so is affected by actual or potential stress
caused by illness, disability, man made or natural calamity
or injury
SERVICES PROVIDED
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Preventive
Developmental
Remedial in nature
Depending on the agency purpose and need
SUPPORTIVE GROUP THERAPY.
REALITY
CONFRONTATION
Ecological Social Work
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An ecological model recognises that everything is
interrelated, interdependent, and connected, not only
the component parts, but also the context or
environment. When we look at human communities
through an ecological model (Odum, 1983; Slobodkin,
2003), we recognise that changes in one part will affect
all other parts, that is, a disaster in one area will
influence the whole. It is only when the whole is strong
and healthy with ample resources that help can be
offered to a distressed component part. As medicine
following the clinical model ran into problems, such that
the numbers in need far exceeded the resources and
health personnel available, the birth of public health
occurred.
Most extensions of life span and the phenomenal
increase in population have been due to public health,
not private health that is typically oriented to the
elderly, the rich and well to do.
As psychology following the clinical model ran into
Empowerment Social Work
Empowerment can be defined as,” enabling service
users to take action to improve their lives. From the
point of view of service users, practitioners are often in
positions of considerable power, particularly where
decisions are being made about the delivery of services
and around intervention in people's lives. To practice
empowerment, social workers will need to focus on
working with service users to engage them in the
problem-solving process”.
Empowerment is linked with anti-oppressive practice,
in that the social worker can work with service users to
enable them to overcome barriers to solving problems –
whether located in the attitudes and practices of
professionals and social institutions (for example, health
and education authorities) or in the beliefs of the
service user. The social worker's knowledge of service
provision and the law can be critical in empowering
service users.
Relief model
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According to this model services come
into operation when the normal
resources such as the individual, the
family and the community breakdown.
The relief approach consists of giving
material help and providing various
social services. This is the most
traditional approach, it constitutes a
valid role as a strategy o action, which
provides timely help in crisis that are
casual by natural calamities
Welfare model
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This model rests its moral claim on literal moral of
individual rights. Services are viewed as the light of the
individual and problems are seen as consequence of an
individual inability to use available services or to the
lack of accessibility of the service itself. In this
approach the state accepts, primary responsibility for
the welfare of its citizens. It therefore provides needed
services which are in implemented by professional social
workers. The role of state is to maintain the states
rather than to promote active change. Social workers
access the needs of individual and intervene to assist
them to an effective level of functioning. This approach
seeks to ensure distributive justice through support
institutions and programmes. The welfare model has
always sort to survey the needs of forgotten individuals
and groups in a society at any given point of time. It
emphasis certain values – charity, love, human dignity,
equality and social right.
Clinical model
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Clinical models are representations of
physiological and pathological phenomena that
are used for predicting patient evolution.
A simple example is a diagnostic class. For
example, we say 'this patient has cholera'. By
this statement we refer to a mental
representation of a particular bowel infection,
with a particular organism (vibrio cholerae)
and we use it to predict the possible evolution
of the patient (massive diarrhea followed by
spontaneous healing, or by death if
dehydration is not kept under control).
Systems model
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Individuals who are knowledge workers in a knowledge
economy may find themselves, at different times and
sometimes simultaneously, self-employed, working in an ad
hoc network, or earning a salary with an organization. To be
successful, they need to have a sense of how different aspects
of knowledge management fit together as they guide their
own career paths and find ways to add value to ad hoc and
formal organizations.
In Western countries, an increasing proportion of the
workforce is employed for their knowledge. That knowledge is
for the most part up to individuals to acquire and maintain,
and it is largely portable. It may be of content or process,
tacit or explicit, general or particular, linear or relational,
timeless or up to the minute. It is utilized by individuals
working alone and in small groups or large organizations.
Especially in the private sector, many knowledge workers are
self-employed or members of ad hoc virtual or network
organizations rather than permanent salaried employees.
Radical model
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While the development model recognizes the
need for more equitable society, the radical
model advocates the achievement of justice
and equality through local transformation of
the existing social order. An important aspect
is its conscioustization, raising the
consciousness of oppressed people so that
they become aware of the process of
oppression and decrease there powerlessness.
Radical social work emphasizes collective
action through political participation action
and community activity. Social workers / social
activists deal with the social problems vis
gender issues, rights of the oppressed,
humans etc.
Developmental model
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The Developmental model, views persons as capable of
civic virtue. Supporters say that through involvement in
government and community affairs, persons can gain an
understanding of the public good and what it requires.
The "good citizens" of this society are aware of and
participate in government and civic affairs through
voting, the expression of their opinions to
representatives, and sometimes even public service.
Involvement in democracy is both a way of educating
people and increasing their ability to better themselves.
Through the exercise of judgement on political issues,
citizens can better exercise judgement in other areas of
their lives. The Developmental model utilizes indirect
representation simply because of the impracticality of
direct involvement such as that of the participatory
democracy.