Ch. 15 & 16 Notes - Avon Community School Corporation
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Transcript Ch. 15 & 16 Notes - Avon Community School Corporation
Freshman Honors Biology
Chapter 15: Biomes in the
Biosphere
A biome is a complex system of land communities
that cover a large area
For example: Tropical rain forests, desert, tundra
Biomes have unique climate ranges
Climate is the specific weather pattern of an area over
a period of time
For example: Climate of Indiana is that we have four
seasons; climate of Antarctica is that they have frozen
water with very little snow.
Climate Zones
The world is divided into three climatic zones:
Polar
Cold, non-humid temperatures
Geographic range: Canada to the North Pole
Tropical
Hot, humid temperature range
Geographic range: Florida to the Equator
Temperate
Mild climate; seasonal changes
Geographic range: Florida to Canada
Climate & Biomes
So what influences climate?
Latitude
Location on landmass (on the coast or inland?)
Proximity to land features, like mountain ranges
Biomes have specific climate patterns
Because each species is adapted to live in a specific set of
environmental conditions, animals and plants usually
die if a climate changes too much
For example, if Indiana were to become like it was in the
Ice Age, most plants and animals would die because they
couldn’t adapt to the colder weather.
Biomes, Continued
Organisms that live in a specific biome have unique
adaptations
Gives them a better ability to live successfully in that
environment
Examples:
Cactus living in the desert that has a waxy coating to prevent
water loss
Mountain goats living on top of mountains have very thick fur
coats to prevent internal body temperature drop
RA Activity
Each student will read and learn about the 6 major
biomes
Text: Pages 462-467 (Alligator)
Other resources: Biomes Overview Video (26 min)
Your task:
Create a tree map with each of the different Biomes
Include all pertinent info about each Biome!
Biome Examples
Tundra
Boreal Forest
Temperate Forest
Temperate Woodland/Shrubland
Temperate Grassland
Desert
Tropical Savanna
Tropical Seasonal Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Commensalism
Biomes in Detail
Deserts (hot & cold)
VERY little rain
Plants and animals have adaptations to prevent water
loss
Tropical Rainforest/Jungle
Rain amount is very high
Temperatures are stable around 75°F
Grassland (temperate/savannah)
Savannah – think Safari!
Temperate – like Indiana
More Biomes
Arctic/Tundra
Also have very little rain
Contain permafrost (topsoil is frozen year-round)
Deciduous Forest
Leaves change colors, die, and fall to the ground
Mountainous (taiga)
Animals include moose, eagles, mountain lions and goats
Swamp/Marsh
Very moist soil, often with standing water
Plants include mangroves and lily pads
More Biomes
Pond/Lake
Sitting bodies of water
Animals include turtles, fish (carp, trout, bass, etc.), egret birds
River/Stream
Flowing bodies of water
Animals include salmon, eagles, brown bears
Estuary
Where rivers/streams meet the saltwater of the ocean
For example: New Orleans
Ocean
Several depths create many animal adaptations
Read “Open Ocean Ecosystems” on page 80 in the Zebra book with
your partner – do a Think Aloud.
RA Activity – Marine Ecosystems
Pages 468-470 (15.4 Alligator book)
1’s read “Intertidal Zone”
2’s read “Open Ocean Ecosystems”
3’s read “Coastal ocean and coral reefs”
We will then rotate and discuss! Take GOOD notes!
16.1: Human Population Growth
Demography is the study of the size of human
populations
Growth rates are controlled by the same factors as
animal populations
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Immigration and Emigration
Age Structure
Historical
Demography
•Human
population used
to be low and
relatively stable
•Limited by
resources and
disease
•Past 500 years
•Exponential
growth as
limits have
been removed
Age Structures
Histogram depicting the
number of people in each
age category within a
population (Figure 14, page
104, Zebra book)
Can be used to predict
future growth
What effect does Human Population
Growth have on Pollution?
Water
Chemicals, Trash, Temperatures, Noise,
Eutrophication (causes algae overgrowth)
Land
Chemicals, Trash
Air
Chemicals and Noise
Acid Precipitation Effects
Effects of Pollution: Ozone Depletion;
Ozone; Greenhouse Effect
While watching the
BrainPop clips, answer
the following:
1. What is ozone?
Include chemical
formula!
2. Why is it important to
the atmosphere?
Water Quality & Pollution: Biological
Magnification
Chemical pollutant
becomes more
concentrated as it
moves up the
trophic levels within
a food chain or web
Very dangerous for
top level predators
Fig. 16.11, page 495
Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Loss
Deforestation
Overexploitation (overuse)
Habitat Fragmentation
Pollution
Biomagnification, Acid Precipitation
Introduction of Invasive Species
Threats to Biodiversity
Overexploitation (overuse)
The excessive use of species that have economic value
Bison hunted for meat, hides, and just for sport
Population went from 50 million to 1000
Passenger pigeons
Now extinct
Ocelot and white rhinoceros
Overexploitation used to be the number one reason for
extinction; now it’s habitat destruction
Habitat Loss
Habitat Fragmentation – page 499
Invasive (Introduced)
Species
Also called non-native
species
Introduced to new
habitat
Often grows without
check because of lack
of natural predators or
disease in the area
Pages 500-501
Losing Biodiversity
Species experiences a decline in growth
Threatened
Canadian lynx
Prairie dog
Endangered
Bald Eagle
Many Marine Mammals
Extinct
Dodo
Passenger Pigeon
Section 3: Conserving Biodiversity
Pages 502-505
Class Activity: reading “16.5 Conservation”
1’s Read “Sustainable Development…”
2’s Read “Conservation practices…”
Think Aloud with your table partner and take your
own notes on “Protecting Earth’s Resources…”