Nutritional Diseases - Extension Veterinary Medicine
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Transcript Nutritional Diseases - Extension Veterinary Medicine
Nutritional Diseases
4-H Veterinary Science
Extension Veterinary Medicine
Texas AgriLife Extension Service
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Texas A&M System
http://aevm.tamu.edu
Objectives
Discuss the importance of water in the animal diet
Discuss the need for energy in the animal diet
Discuss the importance of minerals in animal diets
Discuss the importance of vitamins in animal diets
Describe the signs of protein deficiency
Describe the signs of a phosphorus deficiency
Describe the signs and causes of grass tetany
Describe the signs and causes of milk fever
Describe the signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Give examples of nutritional diseases in cats, cattle and horses
Discuss conditions that create increased nutritional needs
Nutrition is important
Health maintenance
Energy
Affects all animals
If improper nutrition
Recognize changes
Appearance
Behavior
Identify cause
Correct problem
Diet
The usual food and drink of a person or animal
Nutrient
A source of nourishment
Diets are comprised of nutrients
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Depends on
Animal
Activity
Add Additional Nutrients
Cold weather
Parasite infestations
Reduced appetite
Chronic disease
Pregnancy or milk production
Undernourished animals
Improperly fed
Symptoms
Changes in body weight
Hair coat
Low
Thin appearance
Dull and rough
Activity
Weak and depressed
Requirements for Proper Nutrition
Water
Energy
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Essential
60% makeup
Continually lost
Constantly replenish
Maintain homeostasis
60% balance
Water requirements
Digestive process
Physiological development
Ruminants
Milk production
Diet
Supplements
Problems
Dehydration
Excessive loss of water from the body or from an
organ or body part, as from illness or fluid
deprivation
Due to
Diarrhea
Kidney diseases
Sick
Refusal to drink
Solution
Re-hydration
IV fluids
Stomach tube
Energy
Function
Growth
Body movement
Found in
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
How supplies
Metabolic breakdown of diet
Fat deposits
Normal conditions
Roughage (producers)
Good quality
Working animals
Supplement
Protein
Careful with overfeeding protein to pregnant
animals
Minerals
Definition
Any of the inorganic elements, as calcium,
iron, magnesium, potassium, or sodium, that
are essential to the functioning of the human
body and are obtained from foods
Some minerals
Calcium
Bone structure
Cell performance
Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Phosphorus
Organ structure
Nutrient transport
Energy utilization
Iron
Necessary for the transport of oxygen (via hemoglobin
in red blood cells) and for oxidation by cells (via
cytochrome)
Anemia
Copper
Magnesium
Muscle cramps
Constipation
Potassium
Critical for the normal functioning of the
muscles, heart, and nerves
Controlling activity
Smooth muscle (digestive tract)
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Transmission of electrical signals throughout the
nervous system
Normal conditions
Good pastures
Fertilized
Problems
Drought
Non-fertilized fields
Correct
Supplements
Dogs and cats
Commercial foods balanced
All meat diets
Need supplementation
Vitamins
Function
Proper cell function
Source
Body produces
Supplements
Found in roughage
Vitamins A,D and E
Produced by
Ruminants
Vitamins
B
C
K
Skin – sunlight exposure
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency (rickets)
Examples of Nutritional Diseases
and Disorders
Protein Deficiency
Without enough protein
Problem
Underweight
Weak
Symptoms
Swelling under
Throat
Brisket area
Underline
Fluid balance is upset
Phosphorus Deficiency
Good pastures and feeds ok
Problems with unfertilized pastures
Symptoms
Unthrifty
Lame
Stiff
Pica
Compulsive eating of non-nutritive substances
Grass tetany
Aka Grass Staggers
Magnesium deficiency
Problem
Grazing lush grass
Low Mg, High K, N
Interferes with absorption in digestive tract
Symptoms
Treatment
Excitability
Inability to stand
Stiff muscle convulsions
Death
Mg injection
Prevention
Have supplements available
Milk Fever
Low blood calcium
Hypocalcemia
Symptoms
Loss of appetite
Depression
Muscle tremors
Grinding teeth
Muscular paralysis
Lies on sternum
Head to side
Possible death
Treatment
Calcium injection
Also occurs in dogs and horses
Trembling
Panting
Nervousness
Convulsions
Death
Vitamin A deficiency
Source
Problems
Commercial feeds
Green pasture
Good hay
Skin and eye problems
Abortions
Retained placentas
Weak newborns
Night blindness
Correction
Supplement
Good quality hay
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
High phosphorus, low calcium diets
Affects
Livestock on high-bran diets
No supplements or hay
Pets
All meat diets
No supplements
Symptoms
Horses
Bones thicken
Head
Face
Pets
Bones
Weak
Flexible
Taurine deficiency
Cats
Amino acid
Symptoms
Eye problems
Blindness
Weakening heart muscle
Problem
Cats eating dog food
Bloat in Cattle
Rumen produces gases
Types
Cattle eructate (belch)
Frothy bloat
Free-gas bloat
Problem
Can’t belch
Treatment
Passing tube
Abdominal wall puncture
Drugs
Colic in Horses
Intestinal problem
Occurs when
Change in diet
Intestinal disease
Lodged material
Symptoms
Obvious pain
Rolling
Kicking
Profuse sweating
Treatment
Laxatives
Walking
Surgery
Founder (laminitis)
Problem
Improper feeding
Overfeeding of grain
Bacterial toxins
Affects hoof wall
Causes
Hoof
Inflammation
Pain
Lameness
Depression
Loss of appetite
Slow, painful walk
Treatment
Horses
Laxatives
Cattle
Flush feed from rumen
Large stomach tube
Surgery