Transcript The three particles that make up atoms are

The three particles that make up
atoms are
1. protons, neutrons,
and isotopes.
2. neutrons, isotopes,
and electrons.
3. positives, negatives,
and electrons.
4. protons, neutrons,
and electrons.
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The space surrounding the
nucleus of an atom contains
1.
2.
3.
4.
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protons.
electrons.
neutrons.
ions.
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Democritus believed that atoms
1. were composed of
electrons.
2. were composed of
protons.
3. could be divided.
4. could not be
divided.
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The nucleus is made up of
1. protons and
electrons.
2. electrons and
neutrons.
3. protons and
neutrons.
4. protons, neutrons,
and electrons.
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If a chlorine atom had 17 protons
and 18 neutrons, it would be called
1.
2.
3.
4.
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chlorine-17.
chlorine-18.
chlorine-35.
chlorine-1.
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Isotopes are atoms of the same element
with the same number of protons and
1. a different number of
electrons.
2. a different number of
molecules.
3. a different number of
neutrons.
4. the same number of
neutrons.
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Which of the following is a use
of radioactive isotopes?
1.
can determine the ages of rocks and
fossils
can be used to treat cancer and kill
bacteria that cause food to spoil
can be used as “tracers” to follow the
movements of substances within
organisms
all of the above
2.
3.
4.
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If an atom contains 11 protons and
12 neutrons, its atomic number is
1.
2.
3.
4.
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1.
11.
12.
23.
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Which of the following terms describes a
substance formed by the combination of two
or more elements in definite proportions?
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1. compound
2. isotope
3. nucleus
4. enzyme
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Which of the following makes up
a molecule of water?
1.
one atom of hydrogen
and one atom of oxygen
one atom of sodium and
one atom of chlorine
one atom of hydrogen
and two atoms of
oxygen
two atoms of hydrogen
and one atom of oxygen
2.
3.
4.
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Which of the following is NOT
true about chlorine?
1.
It is a poisonous,
greenish gas.
It combines with sodium
to form table salt.
It was used to kill many
soldiers in World War I.
It is not reactive.
2.
3.
4.
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Which of the following statements
about a compound is true?
1.
The physical and chemical properties of a
compound are usually very different from those
of the elements from which it is formed.
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Only the physical properties of a compound are
usually the same as those of the elements from
which it is formed.
Only the chemical properties of a compound are
usually the same as those of the elements from
which it is formed.
The physical and chemical properties of a
compound are usually the same as those of the
elements from which it is formed.
2.
3.
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A covalent bond is formed as
the result of
1. transferring
electrons.
2. sharing an electron
pair.
3. transferring protons.
4. sharing a proton
pair.
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Which term does NOT apply to
sodium chloride?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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molecule
ionic bonding
compound
crystal
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What type of electron is
available to form bonds?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
valence
nucleus
ionic
covalent
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What type of ion forms when an
atom loses electrons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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neutral
positive
negative
possibly positive
or negative
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Ice floats on water because
1. of cohesion.
2. ice has a higher
density than water.
3. water shrinks when
it freezes.
4. water expands when
it freezes.
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The most abundant compound
in most living things is
1.
2.
3.
4.
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carbon dioxide.
water.
sodium chloride.
sugar.
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Water molecules are polar, with
the
1. oxygen side being slightly
positive and the hydrogen side
being slightly negative.
2. oxygen and hydrogen sides
being slightly positive.
3. oxygen and hydrogen sides
being slightly negative.
4. oxygen side being slightly
negative and the hydrogen side
being slightly positive.
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Which of the following lists the different
types of chemical bonds in order of
increasing attraction?
1. ionic, covalent,
hydrogen
2. covalent, ionic,
hydrogen
3. hydrogen, covalent,
ionic
4. hydrogen, ionic,
covalent
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A solution is a(an)
1. breaking of a
chemical bond.
2. chemical reaction.
3. evenly distributed
mixture of two or
more substances.
4. combination of two
or more liquids.
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If you stir salt into boiling water,
you produce a
1. mixture called a
suspension.
2. mixture called a
solution.
3. solution and
suspension.
4. mixture only.
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When salt is dissolved in water,
water is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
reactant.
solution.
solute.
solvent.
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Suspensions are mixtures
1.
of water and
undissolved material.
in which the
components are evenly
distributed throughout
the solution.
both a and b
neither a nor b
2.
3.
4.
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If the pH of stomach acid and of
oven cleaner were measured,
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2.
3.
both would be below 7.
both would be above 7.
the pH of stomach acid would be
above 7, but the pH of oven
cleaner would be below 7.
the pH of stomach acid would be
below 7, but the pH of oven
cleaner would be above 7.
4.
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A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall
in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New
York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these
figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH
of
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2.
3.
4.
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4.22.
4.30.
4.35.
4.40.
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A substance with a pH of 6 is
called
1. an acid.
2. a base.
3. both an acid and
a base.
4. neither an acid
nor a base.
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Solutions that contain concentrations of
H+ ions lower than pure water
1. have pH values
below 7.
2. are acids.
3. are bases.
4. are enzymes.
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Amino acid is to protein as
1.
2.
3.
4.
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fat is to lipid.
DNA is to RNA.
sugar is to fat.
simple sugar is to
starch.
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A monosaccharide is a
1.
2.
3.
4.
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carbohydrate.
lipid.
nucleic acid.
protein.
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Which of the following organic compounds is
the main source of energy for living things?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
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Which of the following is NOT a
function of proteins?
1.
store and transmit
heredity
help to fight disease
control the rate of
reactions and regulate
cell processes
build tissues such as
bone and muscle
2.
3.
4.
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Which statement is true?
1.
Simple sugars are made
of polysaccharides.
Glycerol is made of fatty
acids.
RNA molecules are
made of nucleotides.
Amino acids are made
of proteins.
2.
3.
4.
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In chemical reactions, atoms
are
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
created.
destroyed.
rearranged.
neutralized.
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When hydrogen and oxygen
combine to form water, water is
1. a product.
2. a reactant.
3. both a product
and a reactant.
4. neither a product
nor a reactant.
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Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical
reaction, CO2 + H2O  H2CO3.
1. CO2 , H2 O, and
H2 CO3
2. CO2 and H2 O
3. H2 CO3
4. CO2
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What is the process that changes one set of
chemicals into another set of chemicals?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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cohesion
adhesion
chemical reaction
dissolving
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What is the term used to describe the
energy needed to get a reaction started?
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2.
3.
4.
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adhesion energy
activation energy
cohesion energy
chemical energy
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Chemical reactions that release
energy
1. will not occur.
2. will never
explode.
3. will always
explode.
4. often occur
spontaneously.
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If a reaction in one direction releases
energy, the reaction in the opposite direction
1. also releases
energy.
2. absorbs energy.
3. destroys energy.
4. cannot occur.
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Which of the following is a form of energy
that may be released during a chemical
reaction?
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1. heat
2. sound
3. light
4. all of the above
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Which of the following statements
about enzymes is NOT true?
1. Enzymes work best
at a specified pH.
2. All enzymes work
inside cells.
3. Enzymes are
proteins.
4. Enzymes are
organic catalysts.
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Which of the following statements
is true about catalysts?
1. Catalysts slow down the rate of
chemical reactions.
2. All catalysts are enzymes.
3. Catalysts are used up during a
chemical reaction.
4. Catalysts lower the activation
energy of a chemical reaction.
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A substance that accelerates the rate of
a chemical reaction is called a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
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catalyst.
lipid.
molecule.
element.
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Enzymes affect the reactions in
living cells by changing the
1. products of the
reaction.
2. speed of the
reaction.
3. temperature of the
reaction.
4. pH of the reaction.
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The basic unit of matter is the molecule.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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A substance made up of only one kind of
atom is an element.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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The isotope oxygen-18 has 18 protons.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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Scientists show the composition of compounds by
a kind of shorthand known as a chemical formula.
____________________
1. True
2. False
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When atoms share six electrons, they are
joined by a double bond.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Adhesion is responsible for the surface of the
water in a graduated cylinder that is slightly curved
at the sides. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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When sugar is dissolved in water, the sugar
and water are chemically combined.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Water is the greatest solute in the
world. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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A substance with equal
numbers of ions and ions is
an alkaline solution.
________________________
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1. True
2. False
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Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react
with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden
changes in pH. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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Lipids are important parts of biological
membranes and waterproof coverings.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Polysaccharides are formed through the
process known as polymerization.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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The substances that are present when a
chemical reaction begins are the products.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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The chemical reaction of
and is irreversible.
____________________
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1. True
2. False
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Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the
cell without requiring high temperatures are antibodies.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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Participant Scores
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Participant 1
Participant 2
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Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
The subatomic particles that make up atoms
are protons, neutrons, and
____________________.
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Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated
in the ____________________.
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If an atom contains 15 protons, it must
contain 15 ____________________.
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Because they have the same number of protons
and electrons, all isotopes of an element have the
same ____________________ properties.
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Unlike the resulting stable compound—table
salt—the two gases making up this
compound are ____________________.
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A chemical bond formed by the transfer of
electrons is a(an) ____________________
bond.
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Due to _________________________
forces, the structure of a gecko’s feet
enables it to climb up vertical surfaces.
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A water molecule is polar because there is an
uneven distribution of electrons between the
oxygen and the ____________________ atoms.
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Water’s ____________________ allows it to
dissolve compounds such as table salt
(NaCl).
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The stomach produces a(an)
____________________ to help digest
food.
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The pH scale is a measurement system that
indicates the concentration of
____________________ in solution.
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Complex carbohydrates are to
monosaccharides as polymers are to
____________________.
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The elements or compounds produced by a
chemical reaction are known as
____________________.
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Chemical reactions that
____________________ energy will not
occur without a source of energy.
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The name of an enzyme usually
ends in ____________________.
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Why are atoms considered
neutral?
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What is mass number?
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What is a molecule?
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What are the main types of
chemical bonds?
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What accounts for water’s properties of
adhesion and cohesion?
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Where would you most likely find
shared electrons in a water molecule?
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What is a mixture?
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Use the terms solvent and solute to
describe how to prepare a salt solution.
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Based on its pH value, is sea water more
acidic or less acidic than pure water?
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What are the four groups of organic
compounds found in living things?
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3
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Distinguish between RNA and
DNA.
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Describe the general chemical
equation X + Y  XY in words.
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What is one of the most important factors in
determining whether a chemical reaction will
occur?
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What does the energy come from that
enables you to breathe and think?
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Name two essential roles that
enzymes play in cells.
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3
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Compare protons, electrons, and neutrons
with respect to location within atoms, electric
charge, and mass.
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What relationship exists between the mass
number of an element and the isotopes of
that element?
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Explain the difference between ionic
compounds and covalently bonded
compounds.
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Compare and contrast adhesion and
cohesion, using capillary action as an
example.
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Compare and contrast solutions and
suspensions and give a common example of
each type of mixture.
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When working in the laboratory, you discover that the solutions you are
working with are tomato juice with a pH of 4 and soap with a pH of 10.
By comparing the pH of these substances with that of pure water,
would you find that each of these substances is acidic or basic? Explain
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How can you account for the great number,
size, and complexity of organic compounds?
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How is chemistry related to
living things?
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In the general reaction X + Y  XY, X reacts with Y,
producing XY and releasing a lot of heat. Why does this
reaction occur spontaneously, while the reverse reaction
XY  X + Y generally does not occur?
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Compare enzyme activity to a
lock and key.
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