Transcript Option A: Human nutrition and health (15 hours)

http://dickinsonn.ism-online.org/tag/health/
Option A:
Human nutrition and health
(15 hours)
Topics covered
• A1: Components of the human diet
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Nutrients needed in the diet
Deficiency diseases
Fatty Acids
Vitamins and minerals
Fibre
• A2: Energy in Human Diets
– Sources of energy
– Identifying eating disorders – obesity and anorexia
• A3: Special issues in Human nutrition
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Breast-feeding
Diabetes
Vegetarians / Vegans
Low cholesterol diets
Food miles
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How to use this PowerPoint
• The majority of this PowerPoint is aimed for you to
complete the study on your own in your notebook.
USE YOUR TEXT BOOKS!
• Instructions that are in red refer to what I expect to
see in your notebook. Any extra information is
fantastic!
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Nutrients
A nutrient is a chemical substance found in
foods that is used in the human body (it
needs it for functioning).
Given the right raw materials, the human body can
manufacture many useful chemicals from breaking down
and reassembling other chemicals.
A.1.1 Define nutrient.
Questions
Research and answer these questions in full sentences:
• What are essential nutrients?
• Give 2 examples of essential amino acids
• Give 2 examples of essential fatty acids
• Give 2 examples of essential minerals
• Give 2 examples of essential Vitamins
• Why is water so important in the diet?
• What are non-essential amino acids?
• Give 2 examples of non-essential aminoacids.
A.1.3 State that non-essential amino acids can
A.1.2 List the type of nutrients that are
be synthesized in the body from other
essential in the human diet, including amino
acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins and water. nutrients
Malnutrition
There are 3 main kinds of malnutrition:
• Not enough food
• Too much food
• Not the right type of food
All can lead to health problems.
Kwashiorkor
• These children are
suffering from
Kwashiorkor – protein
deficiency.
• Explain why they have
swollen abdomens.
A.1.4 Outline the consequences of protein
deficiency malnutrition.
PKU: Phenylketonuria
Research and answer the following questions in
detail and in full sentences:
1. What causes PKU?
2. What enzyme are sufferers of PKU unable to
produce? What are the consequences of this
(explain in full)?
3. How can PKU be controlled by early diagnosis?
4. How can PKU be controlled by diet?
A.1.5 Explain the causes and consequences of
phenylketonuria (PKU) and how early diagnosis and
a special diet can reduce the consequences.
Fatty Acids
Copy and complete this table to outline the differences between
the different structures of fatty acids (Include omega-3 fatty acids)
Name
Diagram of
structure
Description of Foods that
structure
contain them
Health
implications
Saturated fatty
acids
Cis unsaturated
fatty acids
Trans unsaturated
fatty acids
Mono unsaturated
fatty acids
Poly unsaturated
fatty acids
A.1.6 Outline the variation in the molecular structure of fatty acids, including saturated fatty
acids, cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.