Transcript Translation
Question of the Day Question: Give the RNA sequence made from the DNA sequence ATGCTAGCT. UACGAUCGA Nucleus RNA DNA Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: DNA RNA Protein Part 1: Transcription • Transcription- making RNA from DNA code in nucleus • Transcription- creation of RNA using DNA Nucleus RNA RNA polymerase DNA Part 1: Transcription Discuss With Your Partner: 1. Where does transcription take place? nucleus 2. What enzyme is responsible for carrying out transcription? RNA polymerase 3. What does transcription produce? RNA Discuss with Your Partner: • What does “translation” mean to you? • What are some ways that we could we “translate” the following sentence: When school is over, I am going to hang out with my friends. Part 2: Translation • Translation- using RNA instructions to build a protein Part 2: Translation • Translation- using RNA instructions to build a protein 1. mRNA (messenger) carries code to cytoplasm 2. mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time (1 codon) Ex: AUG Codon = 3 nucleotides Part 2: Translation 3. 1 codon codes for 1 amino acid, which is transferred by tRNA 4. Anticodon part of tRNA must complement mRNA codon Ex: AUG codon (mRNA) & UAC anticodon (tRNA) amino acid amino acid amino acid anticodon Part 2: Translation 5. Amino acids linked together by a ribosome to make a polypeptide Part 2: Translation 6. Polypeptide is folded into a protein Polypeptide Protein Part 2: Translation Part 2: Translation • Using codon wheel: – For decoding RNA – Work inside to outside What amino acid does the codon AUG code for? Methionine (start) What amino acid does the codon GGG code for? Glycine What amino acid does the codon CAC code for? Histidine What amino acid does the codon UAG code for? Stop (no amino acid) Part 2: Translation • Using codon wheel: – For decoding RNA – Work inside to outside – AUG = start codon – UAG, UAA, UGA = stop codons Protein Synthesis Review: DNA: TACCCCGTGATC mRNA: AUG-GGG-CGA-UAG Protein: Met-Gly-Arg 1. What codons… a. are in the RNA sequence AUGCCGUUUGGAUAG? b. What amino acids do they code for? 2. What codons… a. are in the RNA sequence AUGAAUGUUUGG? b. What amino acids do they code for? 3. What amino acids will the DNA sequence TATGCTAGACTG eventually code for? Put ‘Em In Order! 3. 5. 2. 4. 1. a) tRNA molecules carrying amino acids and begin to match up with codons on the mRNA sequence according to the anticodons on the tRNA molecules b) The polypeptide chain is finished and will later be folded into a complete protein c) The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm through pores in the nucleus d) The amino acids are linked (bonded) together by a ribosome, a protein-building organelle e) DNA is unwound by RNA polymerase and mRNA is created from the DNA sequence according to the base pairing rules