Transcript MUTATIONS

Opening Activity 12/7/15
 Turn in your Snork DNA assignment
– if you have at least one of the
Snorks done, you will get full credit!
 Take a couple of minutes to review
your notes on Protein Synthesis
 We are going to take a practice
quiz!
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MUTATIONS
Changes in DNA that affect genetic
information
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A change in the genetic code =
MUTATION
________________
MUTATIONS can be:
NEUTRAL
____________Most mutations have little
function
or no effect on gene ____________.
REDUNDANCY in
_____________
code can absorb
many mutations
without changing the
amino acid sequence.
UUC and UUU both
code for same
amino acid
MUTATIONS can be:
____________
HARMFUL - Mutations that produce
defective
proteins are usually harmful.
______________
Harmful mutations are associated with many
genetic disorders and can cause
________________
____________
cancer
MUTATIONS can be:
LETHAL
____________
- Some mutations
change proteins that are so vital to life
that they cause death, usually before
birth.
50% of pregnancies that
abort spontaneously have
genetic abnormalities
http://www.global-warming-and-the-climate.com/images/tombstone-RIP.gif
MUTATIONS can be:
HELPFUL
____________Mutations are also a
source of ______________
genetic variation in the
population
Mutations can help an
organism
_________________
survive and reproduce
Provide a way for
species to change
over time
MORE ON THIS
2nd SEMESTER!
REMEMBER!
MUTATIONS
_______________
are changes
in the genetic material.
Mutations can happen:
• when cells make_________
mistakes in copying DNA
• when cells are exposed to environmental
carcinogens like
___________
radiation
__________X-rays, tanning booths
chemicals - cigarette smoke, pollutants
__________
__________
- HPV
viruses
Mutations
 Point mutations
 single base change
 silent mutation
 no amino acid
change
 redundancy in code
 missense
 change amino acid
 nonsense
 change to stop
codon
Mutations
 Frameshift
 shift in the reading
frame
 changes everything
“downstream”
 insertions
 adding base(s)
 deletions
 losing base(s)
Frameshift mutations
THERATANDTHECATATETHEREDBAT
Deletion
THERTANDTHECATATETHEREDBAT
Insertion
THERAATANDTHECATATETHEREDBAT
Chromosomal Mutations
 Some mutations can occur at the
chromosomal level
 Either an addition or deletion of a
chromosome or changes in most of the
material
 Some changes leads to genetic
diseases
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Mutation Activity
 Read the info & directions, fill in the
answers as you go
 Turn in when you finish!
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Closing Activity 12/7/15
 Name and describe two different
types of mutations
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