Transcript history of caffeine

history of caffeine
The history of caffeine has
been recorded as far back
as the ninth century. During
that time, coffee beans were
available only in their native
habitat, Ethiopia. its
discovery to a goat herder
named Kaldi, who
apparently observed goats
that became elated and
sleepless at night after
grazing on coffee shrubs
and, upon trying the berries
that the goats had been
eating, experienced the
same vitality , Kaldi made
the connection between the
berries and the extra energy
his herd possessed .
definition of Caffeine
scientific name
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
definition of Caffeine
The caffeine, whose scientific name 1,3,7trimethylxanthine from Materials poly
phenol which Belong to the group
methylxanthines Known to influence
the alarm on the nervous system, heart
, increases the secretion of stomach
acid and expands the Bronchus and
has many positive and negative effects
.
Sources of caffeine
The richest sources of
caffeine are tea,
coffee, cola drinks,
many soft drinks,
some over-thecounter medications,
chocolate, and cocoa
As little as 20 mgs of
caffeine can produce
noticeable body and
mood changes
The positive affect
.1.
-Caffeine, tonic for the heart muscle.
-Helps to relax the muscles.
-Works on a diuretic, may increase the
secretion of gastric acid.
The positive affect
.2.
-The affect of moderate consumption of
caffeine \ reduces the risk of many chronic
diseases such as diabetes, liver disease
and cancer of the rectum and colon as
well as it improves the level of the body's
immunity.
The positive affect
.3.
-Based on the amount of consumption of
caffeine can be a catalyst for the central
nervous system
-Scarves are in a short period during the
process of metabolism in the liver ,
Average of ejected out of the body
equivalent to 5 hours
The positive affect
.4.
-There is an inverse relationship between
cancer and caffeine.
-In a study of a large number of Swedish
women found that caffeine is not a risk
factor for breast cancer.
Negative affect
-Diffrent individuals
sensitive to caffeine.
- Cause insomnia,
headaches,
irritability, nervousness,
general nature (muscle
tremors, nausea, increased
risk of heart disease and
blood vessels).
Negative affect
- Effect on the behaviors in
children and adults such as
\ anxiety and mood changed.
- In a study of the Ministry of
Health Canada about the
impact of caffeine on health
found that the effect of
caffeine on behavior in
children than in adults.
Negative affect
- So the study recommended
that the consumption of no
more than children of 2,5 mg
of body weight at a rate
ranging between
45-85 mg \ day.
The effect of caffeine on the
heart
-Through a study conducted
on rats, found that caffeine
led to an increase in blood
LDL and reduce HDL, TG
* Caffeine may represent
a risk factor for heart and
blood vessels.
Caffeine and pregnancy
- Is a risk factor on the body in case of
pregnancy.
- Long time caffeine stay in the body of 5-6
hours and will continue until 18 hours at
the end of pregnancy (week 35)
Caffeine and pregnancy
- The effect may be due to hormonal
changes, enzymes and efficiency.
- Duration of survival in the body is
increased when infants between (40-130)
because of incomplete metabolic
pathways involved in output caffeine.
Caffeine and pregnancy
- In a study conducted on a group of
rodents, during pregnancy found that high
doses 250 mg \ day or more.
1 - may lead to birth defects in fetuses.
2 - associated with delay in the formation of
the skeleton.
Caffeine and pregnancy
- Therefore recommends that the Food and
Drug Administration to reduce or stop
consumption of caffeine during pregnancy,
not more than 444 mg \ day.
- Some studies have identified the safe
consumption of caffeine is 300 mg \ day,
the amount obtained from eating 3 cups of
coffee a day.
metabolism and half-life
-caffeine from coffee or other beverage is
absorbed by the stomach and small
intestine within 45 min. of ingestion
and then distributed throughout all
tissues of the body.
half-life of caffeine
-the time required for the body to
eliminate one-half of the total amount
of caffeine.
-in healthy adults, caffeine half-life is
approximately 4.9 hours.
half-life increased in
*pregnant women (9-11 hours)
*in liver disease (96 hours)
*infants & young children (30 hours)
- caffeine is metabolized in liver by the
( cytochrome p450 oxidase) enzyme
system into 3 metabolic
dimethylxanthines , each of which has
its own effects on the body .
half-life increased in
caffeine is metabolized in the liver into 3
primary metabolites.
*paraxanthine 84%:
-has the effect of increase the lipolysis ,
leading to elevated glycerol and free
fatty acid levels in the blood.
*theobromine 12%:
-dilates blood vessels and increase
urine volume.
*theophylline 4%:
-relaxes smooth muscles of the
bronchi, and is used to treat asthma.
- each of these metabolites is further
metabolized and them excreted in the
urine.
Mechanism of action
Caffeine's principal mode of action is as an antagonist of
adenosine receptors in the brain.
Mechanism of action
- the caffeine molecule is structurally similar to
adenosine .
*Adenosine is found in every part of the body
,because :
1)it plays a role in the fundamental ATP-related
energy metabolism.
2)necessary for RNA synthesis.
but it has special functions in the brain.
Mechanism of action
*Adenosine ,when bound to receptors of
nerve cells ,slow down nerve cell activity
;this happens ,among other times ,during
sleep.
Mechanism of action
*The caffeine molecule ,being similar to
adenosine ,binds to the same receptors
but doesn't cause the cells to slow down
;instead, the caffeine blocks the adenosine
receptors and thereby the adenosine
action (i.e blocking a pathway that leads to
the breakdown of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate ,cAMP).
Mechanism of action
-The resulting increased nerve activity cause
the release of the hormone (Aderenaline) ,
which in turn leads to several effects.
Caffeine:.
blocks
blocks
result
cause
leads to
adenosine receptor .
pathway cAMP.
increased nerve activity.
release (Adrenaline).
several affects.
Caffeine
Overview of the more
common side effects
of caffeine, possibly
appearing at levels
below overdose.
Caffeine
• *caffeine increases energy metabolism
throughout the brain but decrease at the
same time cerebral blood flow.