Transcript OVERVIEW - USF College of Engineering

ELECTRICAL POWER
Outline
 Early
Sources Of Electrical Energy
 Mechanical Generators Of Electricity
 Dynamo-Electric Generators
 Gramme Armature & Successors
 Alternator
 Electric Lighting
 Power Stations
 Batteries
Early Sources Of Electrical Energy
 Electro-Statics
Frictional Machines Using Glass Cylinders
 Electro-Chemistry
Chemical Effects Of An Electric Current
 Alessandro
Volta
 Electro-Magnetics
Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)
 Voltaic
Pile
 1800
 Electricity
Generated In A
Battery
 Zinc (Z)
 Silver (A) Or Copper
 Flannel Or Paper
 Soaked In Brine
 Alkaline, Saline, Or Acid
 Current
Trough Wire
Electro-magnetics
 H.
C. Oersted (1771-1851)
Danish Scientist - 1820
Magnetic Needle Moved In Vicinity Of A Conductor
Carrying Electricity
Magnetic Field Surrounding A Conductor Carrying
Electricity
 A.
M. Ampere (1775-1836)
Electro-Dynamic Interaction Of Electric Currents &
Magnets
Commutator
Electro-magnetics (continued)
 D.
f. J. Arago (1786-1853)
Produced First Electro-Magnet (1820)
 W.
Sturgeon (1783-1850)
First Practical Electro-Magnet (1825)
 Michael
Faraday (1791-1867)
“Convert Magnetism Into Electricity”
Electro-Magnetic Induction (1831)
Not Interested In Commercialism
First Mechanical Generators Of
Electricity
 Basic
Principles
 Hippolyte Pixii
 Saxton
 Clarke
Basic Principles
 A Conductor
Carrying Electricity Produces A
Magnetic Field Surrounding It
If Conductor Is Coiled Around Iron
 Iron Temporarily Magnetizes
If Iron Is Hardened By Hammering
 Iron Permanently Magnetizes
 Electric
Generators
Field System
 Simple Or Compound Magnets
Coil System
 Generation Takes Place
Relative Movement Between Systems
Hippolyte Pixii
 First
Magneto-Electric
Machine
 1832
 Hand-Driven
 Only Working Model
 Field Magnet Revolves
Relative To Coil
 First Practical Application
Of Faraday’s Principle
Magneto-Electric Machines
 Saxton
(1833)
Arrangement Of Components Was Reversed
 Coil Rotated
 Magnets Remained Fixed
 Pixii
(1833)
Added Commutator - Based On Ampere’s Work
Converted Oscillating Current To Unidirectional
Current
E. M. Clarke
 Owned
Company Making
Scientific Instruments
 First Manufacturing On
Commercial Scale
 1834
 Coils
Rotated In Plane
Parallel To Side Of Magnet
 Experimented With Types
Of Windings
Stoehrer Of Leipzig
 1846
 Three
Horseshoe
Shaped Magnets
 Six-Polar Armature
 Science Museum Of
London
F. Nollet (1794-1853)
 First
To Contemplate
Making A Power-Driven
Magneto-Electric Machine
 Supply Relatively Large
Output
 Lighthouses
 Died Before Completion
 Frederick
Hale Holmes
Continued Work
Frederick Hale Holmes
 Tested
On Small Scale
Trinity House Wharf to Woolrich On Thames
 Components
36 U-Shaped Magnets In Pairs Of Six
Poles Outward
Stationary Coils & Commutator
- 5’ Square & 2 tons
 Output
 Size
Driven By Steam Engine At 600rpm
1.5 kw