Transcript Turley_ch10_ln

Medical Language
Second Edition
CHAPTER
10
Neurology
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Learning Objectives
1. Identify the structures of the nervous
system.
2. Describe the process of nerve
transmission.
3. Describe common nervous system
diseases and conditions, laboratory and
diagnostic procedures, medical and
surgical procedures, and drug categories.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Learning Objectives
4. Give the medical meaning of word parts
related to the nervous system.
5. Build nervous system words from word
parts and divide and define words.
6. Spell and pronounce nervous system
words.
7. Analyze the medical content and
meaning of a neurology report.
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Learning Objectives
8. Dive deeper into neurology by reviewing
the activities at the end of this chapter
and online at Medical Terminology
Interactive.
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Multimedia Directory
Slide 58
Slide 111
Slide 118
Slide 124
Slide 125
Slide 126
Slide 127
Slide 134
Slide 139
Slide 140
Slide 144
Slide 146
Autonomic Nervous System Animation
Aneurysms Video
Down Syndrome Video
Epilepsy Video
Febrile Seizures Animation
Seizures Animation
Seizures Video
Parkinson's Disease Video
C-Spine Immobilization Video
Spinal Cord Injury Animation
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video
Multiple Sclerosis Animation
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Multimedia Directory
Slide 154
Slide 213
Slide 214
Slide 215
Slide 216
PET Scans Animation
Pharmacy Technician Video
Electrodiagnostic Technician Video
Speech Pathology Video
Speech Pathology and Ethical Situations Video
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Neurology
• The medical specialty that studies the
anatomy and physiology of the nervous
system and uses diagnostic tests, medical
and surgical procedures, and drugs to
treat nervous system diseases.
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Figure 10-1 Nervous system
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Anatomy and Physiology
• Nervous System
– Found in every part of the body from the head
to the tips of the fingers and toes
– Divided into central nervous system (CNS)
and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
– CNS contains brain and spinal cord
– PNS contains cranial nerves and spinal
nerves; can be further divided into somatic
and autonomic nervous systems
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Figure 10-2 Divisions of the nervous system
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System
• Brain
– Located within the bony cranium
– Fills the cranial cavity
– Consists of the cerebrum (and its lobes),
thalamus, hypothalamus, ventricles, brainstem, and cerebellum
– Surrounded by the meninges, three layers of
membranes
– Largest part of the brain is the cerebrum
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Cerebrum
– The surface of the cerebrum has elevated
folds (gyri) and narrow grooves (sulci).
– The cerebral cortex, or gray matter, is the
outermost layer of the cerebrum.
– Beneath the gray matter, the white matter of
the cerebrum is composed of the axons of
neurons.
– Most of these axons are covered by a fatty,
white insulating layer of myelin.
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Figure 10-3 Lobes of the cerebrum
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Figure 10-4 Midline cut section of the brain
Reprinted from McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, 2/E. McMinn, Hutchings, Human
Anatomy, 19,46,66,71.78,127,137,237,238. Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Cerebrum (con't)
– A very deep fissure divides the cerebrum into
right and left halves; each half is a
hemisphere.
– The only connection between the right and left
hemispheres is the corpus callosum, an arch
of nerves that allows the two hemispheres to
communicate with each other and coordinate
their activities.
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Figure 10-5 Posterior half of the brain
Reprinted from McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, 2/E. McMinn, Hutchings, Human
Anatomy, 19,46,66,71.78,127,137,237,238. Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Right Hemisphere of the Cerebrum
– Recognizes faces, patterns, and threedimensional structures
– Analyzes the emotional content of words but
not the actual words
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Left Hemisphere of the Cerebrum
– Performs mathematical and logical reasoning
and problem-solving
– Coordinates the recall of memories
– Contains the speech center and is important
in language skills
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Figure 10-6 Left-brain thinking
Pearson Education/PH College
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Cerebrum (con't)
– Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided
into sections or lobes.
– Each lobe has the same name as the cranial
bone that is above it.
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Figure 10-3 Lobes of the cerebrum
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Frontal Lobe of the Cerebrum
– Originates conscious thought and intelligence
– Predicts future events and the benefits or
consequences of actions
– Coordinates and analyzes information coming
from other lobes of the cerebrum
– Exerts conscious, voluntary control over the
skeletal muscles
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Frontal Lobe of the Cerebrum (con't)
– Coordinates the muscles of the mouth, lips,
tongue, pharynx, and larynx to produce
speech
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Parietal Lobe of the Cerebrum
– Analyzes sensory information about touch,
temperature, vibration, and pain from
receptors in the skin, joints, and muscles
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Temporal Lobe of the Cerebrum
– Analyzes sensory information about hearing
– Analyzes sensory information about smells
• Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum
– Analyzes sensory information about vision
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Thalamus
– Located near the center of the cerebrum
– Acts as a relay station, receiving sensory
information from the cranial nerves and the
spinal nerves, and sending it to the midbrain
and cerebrum
– Part of the limbic system that deals with
emotions
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Hypothalamus
– Has a stalk of blood vessels and nerves that
connects it to the pituitary gland; functions as
part of both the endocrine and nervous
systems
– Coordinates the activities of the pons and
medulla oblongata that control the heart rate,
blood pressure, and respiratory rate
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Hypothalamus (con’t)
– Regulates body temperature, sensations of
hunger and thirst, and the circadian (24-hour)
rhythm of the body
– Plays a role in emotions and the sexual drive
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Ventricles
– Four interconnected cavities within the brain
– Lined with ependymal cells that produce
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear, colorless
fluid that cushions and protects the brain and
contains glucose and other nutrients
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Brainstem
– Composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the
medulla oblongata
– Midbrain coordinates immediate reflex
responses, maintains muscle tone and
position of extremities, contains the substantia
nigra that produces dopamine
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Brainstem (con't)
– Pons is a relay station that links the spinal
cord to the midbrain, hypothalamus,
thalamus, and cerebrum
– Medulla oblongata contains centers that set
the respiratory rate and control the heart rate
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Cerebellum
– Receives sensory information about muscle
tone and body position and uses this to help
maintain balance
– Makes minor adjustments to coordinate
movement
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Meninges
– The brain is surrounded by the meninges,
three separate membrane layers.
 Dura mater (outermost, tough, fibrous layer that
protects the brain)
 Arachnoid (subarachnoid space is filled with CSF)
 Pia mater (innermost layer; thin, delicate
membrane next to the brain that contains many
small blood vessels)
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Figure 10-7 Meninges
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Anatomy of the Central Nervous
System (con't)
• Spinal Cord
– Part of the central nervous system
– A long, narrow column of neural tissue within
the spinal cavity or spinal canal
– Protected by the vertebrae
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Figure 10-8 Spinal cord
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System
• Cranial Nerves
– Part of the peripheral nervous system
– There are 12 pairs of them.
– Some cranial nerves receive sensory
information from the body.
– Other cranial nerves send motor commands
from the brain to voluntary muscles (to move
face, head, neck, for example) or to
involuntary muscles (to slow heart rate, etc.).
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con’t)
• Cranial Nerves (con't)
– Some cranial nerves carry both sensory and
motor nerve impulses.
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Table 10-1 Cranial Nerves
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Table 10-1 (con't) Cranial Nerves
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Table 10-1 (con't) Cranial Nerves
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Table 10-1 (con't) Cranial Nerves
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Table 10-1 (con't) Cranial Nerves
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Table 10-1 (con't) Cranial Nerves
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Spinal Nerves
– Part of the peripheral nervous system
– There are 31 pairs that originate at regular
intervals along the spinal cord.
– Each spinal nerve has two different groups of
nerve roots that connect it to the spinal cord:
dorsal nerve roots and ventral nerve roots.
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Figure 10-9 Spinal nerves
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Spinal Nerves (con't)
– Dorsal nerve roots receive sensory
information from the skin, muscles, and joints;
afferent nerve root.
– Ventral nerve roots carry motor commands
from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles and
involuntary smooth muscles; efferent nerve
root.
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• A reflex is a rapid, involuntary muscle
reaction that is controlled by the spinal
cord.
• The spinal cord reacts immediately to
certain types of sensory information, such
as sudden pain.
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Neurons and Neuroglia
– Neural tissue is made up of two categories of
cells: neurons and neuroglia.
– A neuron, an individual nerve cell, is the
functional unit of the nervous system.
– Nerves are bundles of individual nerve cells
(neurons).
– Neuroglia perform specialized tasks to help
neurons do their work.
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Types of Neuroglia
– Astrocytes
– Ependymal cells
– Microglia
– Oligodendroglia
– Schwann cells
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Table 10-2 Neuroglia
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Somatic Nervous System
– Controls the voluntary movements of skeletal
muscles
– Motor commands are the result of conscious
thoughts in the brain.
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Autonomic Nervous System
– Controls the involuntary contractions of
cardiac muscle in the heart, as well as smooth
muscles within organs, glands, and other
structures
– Can be broken down into two divisions:
 Parasympathetic division
 Sympathetic division
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Parasympathetic Division
– Active during “rest and digest” activities
– Decreases heart rate, blood pressure, and
metabolic rate
– Changes the diameter of the pupils in
response to the level of light
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Parasympathetic Division (con't)
– Increases peristalsis in the GI tract
– Causes secretion of saliva, digestive
enzymes, and insulin
– Prepares the body for sexual activity
– Contracts the bladder for urination
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Sympathetic Division
– Active when body is active or exercising
– Increases mental alertness
– Dilates pupils to optimize vision
– Increases heart rate and metabolic rate
– Raises blood pressure
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Anatomy of the Peripheral
Nervous System (con't)
• Sympathetic Division (con't)
– Increases air flow to the lungs
– Increases respiratory rate
– Causes release of stored glucose to meet
increased energy needs
– Prepares the body for “fight or flight”
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Autonomic Nervous System
Animation
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of the autonomic nervous system.
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Physiology of a Neuron and
Neurotransmitters
• A neuron consists of three parts:
– Dendrites
– Cell body
– Axon
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Physiology of a Neuron and
Neurotransmitters (con't)
• Dendrites
– Multiple branching structures at the beginning
of the neuron
• Cell body
– Contains the nucleus, which directs cellular
activities
– Contains cytoplasm; structures in the
cytoplasm produce neurotransmitters as well
as energy for the neuron
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Physiology of a Neuron and
Neurotransmitters (con't)
• Axons
– An elongated extension of cytoplasm at the
end of the neuron
– Larger axons are covered by a fatty, white
insulating layer of myelin that dramatically
increases the speed at which an electrical
impulse can travel along the axon.
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Physiology of a Neuron and
Neurotransmitters (con't)
• Axons (con’t)
– A neurotransmitter released by the axon of
one neuron travels across the synapse and
binds with a receptor on the cell membrane of
a dendrite of the next neuron, producing an
electrical impulse.
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Figure 10-10 Neuron
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Table 10-3 Neurotransmitters
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Classroom Response System
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The central nervous system consists of
the brain and cranial nerves.
• True
• False
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The central nervous system consists of
the brain and cranial nerves.
• True
• False
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The functional unit of the
nervous system is the:
•
•
•
•
Nerve
Neuron
Brain
Neuroglia
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The functional unit of the
nervous system is the:
•
•
•
•
Nerve
Neuron
Brain
Neuroglia
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The space between the arachnoid
mater and pia mater is filled with:
•
•
•
•
Nerves
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Fibers of the pia mater
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The space between the arachnoid
mater and pia mater is filled with:
•
•
•
•
Nerves
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Fibers of the pia mater
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The largest part of the brain is
the:
•
•
•
•
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
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The largest part of the brain is
the:
•
•
•
•
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
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The only connection between the right and
left hemispheres of the cerebrum is the:
•
•
•
•
Fissure
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
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The only connection between the right and
left hemispheres of the cerebrum is the:
•
•
•
•
Fissure
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
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The visual cortex is located in
the:
•
•
•
•
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
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The visual cortex is located in
the:
•
•
•
•
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
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The olfactory cortex is located in
the temporal lobe.
• True
• False
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The olfactory cortex is located in
the temporal lobe.
• True
• False
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The CSF formed in the ventricles:
•
•
•
•
Cushions the brain
Protects the brain
Contains glucose
Does all of the above
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The CSF formed in the ventricles:
•
•
•
•
Cushions the brain
Protects the brain
Contains glucose
Does all of the above
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The cerebellum:
•
•
•
•
Sets the rhythm for respiration
Maintains consciousness
Is the origin for cranial nerves V–VIII
Monitors muscle tone and body position
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The cerebellum:
•
•
•
•
Sets the rhythm for respiration
Maintains consciousness
Is the origin for cranial nerves V–VIII
Monitors muscle tone and body
position
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Does the brain feel pain?
• Yes
• No
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Does the brain feel pain?
• Yes
• No
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The sense of hearing is produced
through the:
•
•
•
•
Cranial nerve VII (facial)
Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)
Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)
Cranial nerve X (vagus)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The sense of hearing is produced
through the:
•
•
•
•
Cranial nerve VII (facial)
Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)
Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)
Cranial nerve X (vagus)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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There are how many pairs of
spinal nerves?
•
•
•
•
12
24
31
48
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
There are how many pairs of
spinal nerves?
•
•
•
•
12
24
31
48
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Nerves that carry impulses from the body
toward the spinal cord and brain are:
•
•
•
•
Afferent
Efferent
Sensory
Both afferent and efferent
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Nerves that carry impulses from the body
toward the spinal cord and brain are:
•
•
•
•
Afferent
Efferent
Sensory
Both afferent and efferent
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
An involuntary muscle reaction that
is controlled by the spinal cord is a:
•
•
•
•
Root
Reflex
Dermatome
Parenchyma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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An involuntary muscle reaction that
is controlled by the spinal cord is a:
•
•
•
•
Root
Reflex
Dermatome
Parenchyma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The neurotransmitter for
voluntary skeletal muscle is:
•
•
•
•
Dopamine
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The neurotransmitter for
voluntary skeletal muscle is:
•
•
•
•
Dopamine
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The body’s own natural pain relievers
are the neurotransmitters:
•
•
•
•
Endorphins
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The body’s own natural pain reliever
are the neurotransmitters:
•
•
•
•
Endorphins
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The part of the nervous system that
is active when the body is at rest is:
•
•
•
•
The sympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system
The somatic nervous system
All of the above
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The part of the nervous system that
is active when the body is at rest is:
• The sympathetic nervous system
• The parasympathetic nervous
system
• The somatic nervous system
• All of the above
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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The “fight or flight” response to danger,
stress, or anxiety is initiated by:
•
•
•
•
The somatic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system
None of the above
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The “fight or flight” response to danger,
stress, or anxiety is initiated by:
•
•
•
•
The somatic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system
None of the above
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Which types of activities are processed
in the temporal lobe of the brain?
•
•
•
•
Conscious control of muscle movements
Vision
Emotion and personality
Hearing and smelling
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Which types of activities are processed
in the temporal lobe of the brain?
•
•
•
•
Conscious control of muscle movements
Vision
Emotion and personality
Hearing and smelling
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Diseases and Conditions
• Brain
– Amnesia
– Anencephaly
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Brain (con't)
– Aphasia
– Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
– Brain tumor
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Table 10-4 Types of Brain Tumors
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Table 10-4 (con't) Types of Brain Tumors
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-11 Glioma
Simon Fraser/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Brain (con't)
– Cephalalgia
– Cerebral palsy (CP)
– Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-12 Cerebrovascular accident
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Aneurysms Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of aneurysms.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 10-13 Patient with a cerebrovascular accident
Michal Heron/Pearson Education/PH College
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Brain (con't)
– Coma
– Concussion
– Dementia
– Down syndrome
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-14 Concussion
HENNY RAY ABRAMS/AFP/Getty Images
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-15 PET scan of a normal brain
Science Photo Library/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-16 PET scan of the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease
Science Photo Library/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-17 Down syndrome
PhotoLink/Getty Images – Photodisc-Royalty Free
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Down Syndrome Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of Down Syndrome.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Brain (con't)
– Dyslexia
– Encephalitis
– Epilepsy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-18 Dyslexia
Will & Deni McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-19 Epilepsy
Yoav Levy/Phototake NYC
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 10-5 Seizures
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 10-5 (con't) Seizures
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Epilepsy Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of epilepsy.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Febrile Seizures Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of febrile seizures.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Seizures Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of seizures.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Seizures Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of seizures.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Brain (con't)
– Hematoma
– Huntington’s chorea
– Hydrocephalus
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-20 Subdural hematoma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-21 Hydrocephalus
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Brain (con't)
– Meningitis
– Migraine headache
– Narcolepsy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Brain (con't)
– Parkinson’s disease
– Syncope
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-22 Parkinson’s disease
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Parkinson’s Disease Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of Parkinson’s Disease.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Spinal Cord
– Neural tube defect
– Radiculopathy
– Spinal cord injury (SCI)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-23 Meningocele
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-24 Radiculopathy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-25 Spinal cord injury
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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C-Spine Immobilization Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of C-spine immobilization.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Spinal Cord Injury Animation
Spinal Cord
Injury
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of spinal cord injury.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Nerves
– Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
– Anesthesia
– Bell’s palsy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-26 Bell’s palsy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Nerves (con't)
– Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
– Guillain-Barré syndrome
– Hyperesthesia
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Nerves (con't)
– Multiple sclerosis (MS)
– Neuralgia
– Neuritis
– Neurofibromatosis
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Multiple Sclerosis Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of multiple sclerosis.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Nerves (con't)
– Neuroma
– Neuropathy
– Paresthesia
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-27 Paresthesias
Used with permission from Pfizer Inc. All rights reserved.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures
• Laboratory Tests
– Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
– Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine
Procedures
– Cerebral angiography
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 10-28 Arteriogram
Corbis RF
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine
Procedures (con't)
– Computed axial tomography (CAT, CT)
– Doppler ultrasonography
– Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine
Procedures (con't)
– Myelography
– Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
– Skull x-ray
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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PET Scans Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of PET scans.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Other Diagnostic Tests
– Electroencephalography (EEG)
– Evoked potential testing
– Nerve conduction study
– Polysomnography
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-29 Electroencephalography (EEG)
Phanie/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
• Medical Procedures
– Babinski’s sign
– Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
– Lumbar puncture (LP)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-30 Positive Babinski’s sign
Pearson Education/PH College
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-31 Lumbar puncture
(b) Peres/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Medical Procedures (con't)
– Mini mental status examination (MMSE)
– Neurologic examination
– Spinal traction
– Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
(TENS) unit
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Figure 10-32 Spinal traction with tongs
Vanstrum/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Surgical Procedures
– Biopsy
– Carotid endarterectomy
– Craniotomy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Surgical Procedures (con't)
– Diskectomy
– Laminectomy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Surgical Procedures (con't)
– Stereotactic neurosurgery
– Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Classroom Response System
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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A traumatic injury to the skull
can cause a:
•
•
•
•
Brain tumor
Migraine headache
Radiculopathy
Subdural hematoma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
A traumatic injury to the skull
can cause a:
•
•
•
•
Brain tumor
Migraine headache
Radiculopathy
Subdural hematoma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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A traumatic injury to the neck
and spinal cord can result in:
•
•
•
•
Subdural hematoma
Quadriplegia
Stroke
Alzheimer’s disease
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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A traumatic injury to the neck
and spinal cord can result in:
•
•
•
•
Subdural hematoma
Quadriplegia
Stroke
Alzheimer’s disease
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Syncope is also known as:
•
•
•
•
Fainting
Hydrocephalus
A coma
Epilepsy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Syncope is also known as:
•
•
•
•
Fainting
Hydrocephalus
A coma
Epilepsy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are congenital problems
that are present at birth EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Multiple sclerosis
Myelomeningocele
Cerebral palsy
Hydrocephalus
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are congenital problems
that are present at birth EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Multiple sclerosis
Myelomeningocele
Cerebral palsy
Hydrocephalus
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are types of
epilepsy EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Grand mal
Radiculopathy
Absence
Petit mal
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are types of
epilepsy EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Grand mal
Radiculopathy
Absence
Petit mal
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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People who use computers extensively are
prone to get which of these diseases?
•
•
•
•
Herniated nucleus pulposus
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Dementia
Hyperesthesia
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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People who use computers extensively are
prone to get which of these diseases?
•
•
•
•
Herniated nucleus pulposus
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Dementia
Hyperesthesia
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are types of
brain tumors EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Glioblastoma multiforme
Meningioma
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are types of
brain tumors EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Glioblastoma multiforme
Meningioma
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are
associated with pain EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Causalgia
Anesthesia
Neuralgia
CRPS
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are
associated with pain EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Causalgia
Anesthesia
Neuralgia
CRPS
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Select the misspelled word.
•
•
•
•
Myelography
Paresthesia
Meninjitis
Syncope
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Select the misspelled word.
•
•
•
•
Myelography
Paresthesia
Meninjitis
Syncope
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are types of
aphasia EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Amnesia
Receptive
Global
Expressive
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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All of the following are types of
aphasia EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Amnesia
Receptive
Global
Expressive
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Which medical word means water
on the brain?
•
•
•
•
Epilepsy
Meningitis
Hydrocephalus
Dementia
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Which medical word means water
on the brain?
•
•
•
•
Epilepsy
Meningitis
Hydrocephalus
Dementia
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Photophobia is associated with:
•
•
•
•
Migraine headaches
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Myelomeningocele
Parkinson’s disease
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Photophobia is associated with:
•
•
•
•
Migraine headaches
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Myelomeningocele
Parkinson’s disease
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Complex partial seizures are also
known as psychomotor seizures.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Complex partial seizures are also
known as psychomotor seizures.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Which is true of an EEG?
• Records electrical impulse of a reflex
• Images the brain with contrast material
• Determines nerve strength and deep
tendon reflexes
• Records brain wave patterns
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Which is true of an EEG?
• Records electrical impulse of a reflex
• Images the brain with contrast material
• Determines nerve strength and deep
tendon reflexes
• Records brain wave patterns
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Which abbreviation is associated with a test
to measure the metabolism in areas of the
brain?
•
•
•
•
MRI
PET
SCI
CAT
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Which abbreviation is associated with a test
to measure the metabolism in areas of the
brain?
•
•
•
•
MRI
PET
SCI
CAT
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
A rhizotomy is performed to cut
the:
•
•
•
•
Spinal nerves
Ventricles
Neurons
Cerebellum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
A rhizotomy is performed to cut
the:
•
•
•
•
Spinal nerves
Ventricles
Neurons
Cerebellum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Proprioception is the process of
having:
•
•
•
•
Pain
Nerve damage
Body position
Sensation
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Proprioception is the process of
having:
•
•
•
•
Pain
Nerve damage
Body position
Sensation
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
CSF can be examined by first
doing a/an:
•
•
•
•
EEG
Skull x-ray
LP
CT scan
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
CSF can be examined by first
doing a/an:
•
•
•
•
EEG
Skull x-ray
LP
CT scan
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The combining form myel/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Nerve
Spinal cord
Vertebra
Meninges
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The combining form myel/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Nerve
Spinal cord
Vertebra
Meninges
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Which two combining forms
mean nerve root?
•
•
•
•
Neur/o- and nerv/oMyel/o- and spin/oEsthes/o- and sens/oRhiz/o- and radicul/o-
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Which two combining forms
mean nerve root?
•
•
•
•
Neur/o- and nerv/oMyel/o- and spin/oEsthes/o- and sens/oRhiz/o- and radicul/o-
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
All of the following combining forms
refer to a seizure EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Epilept/oConvuls/oSpin/oIct/o-
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
All of the following combining forms
refer to a seizure EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Epilept/oConvuls/oSpin/oIct/o-
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The suffix -cele means hernia.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The suffix -cele means hernia.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Drug Categories
• These categories of drugs are used to
treat neurologic diseases and conditions:
– Analgesic drugs
– Antiepileptic drugs
– Corticosteroid drugs
– Drugs for Alzheimer’s disease
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Drug Categories (con’t)
• These categories of drugs are used to
treat neurologic diseases and conditions:
– Drugs for neuralgia and neuropathy
– Drugs for Parkinson’s disease
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Abbreviations
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Pharmacy Technician Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of careers in pharmacy technology.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Back to Directory
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Electrodiagnostic Technician
Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of careers in electrodiagnostic
technology.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Back to Directory
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Speech Pathology Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of careers in speech pathology.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Back to Directory
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Speech Pathology and Ethical
Situations Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of ethical situations in speech
pathology.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Back to Directory
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.