Transcript File

Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
Caused by
VIRUSES
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
• Cause: Virus that infects and attacks your
immune system, specifically the CD4+ cells
• Organism: Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
• Location: Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and
breast milk of people who are infected
What is the difference between
HIV and AIDS?
• HIV Infection
– The virus is in the body
– May not know it because he/she feels fine
– Can give it to other during sex or IV drug use
• AIDS
– The virus has attacked the immune system and
decreased the amount of CD4+ cells
– Can become very sick with infections and/or cancers
– Can die
How long does it take for HIV
to cause AIDS?
• Average of about 10 years after becoming
infected with HIV
• Timeline varies from person to person
• Intensive medication treatments may slow
down the virus but not kill it
Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
• Many people do not have any symptoms for
years, they do not know that they have it
• When people develop AIDS, they can
become very sick with infections and
cancers and even die
Kaposi's sarcoma
A skin cancer commonly seen in
AIDS patients
How is HIV Spread?
• Sexual contact with an infected person
(Vaginal, oral, and anal sex)
• Sharing needles or syringes (IV drug use)
• Blood transfusions (Rare today)
• Mother to baby during pregnancy, birth and
breastfeeding
IS HIV/AIDS Serious?
• As of December 2001 in the U.S.
– 462,653 people have died of AIDS
• If you have a STD, you are at least 2-5
times more likely to acquire and transmit
HIV.
• There is NO cure!
IS HIV/AIDS Common?
• 60 million have been infected with HIV
worldwide
• 65,000 New cases in the U.S. per year
• 900,000 Total number of people infected in
the U.S.
• 1 in 4 newly infected with HIV is under age
22
How is HIV Diagnosed?
• Blood test
– Antibody screening test
– DNA test
– Viral titer
Where can I get tested for
HIV?
• Local health departments, private doctors,
or home tests.
• CDC National AIDS Hotline can answer
questions, 1-800-342-2437. It is free.
• It is CONFIDENTIAL!
Treatment of HIV/AIDS
• Medications can slow down the virus, but
cannot kill it
• There is no vaccine
• Patients must take many types of pills
several times a day
• These medications are very expensive and
have many side effects
Can HIV be Prevented?
YES!!
• Do not use IV drugs
• Condoms have been shown to reduce your
chance of getting HIV but not by 100%
• Abstinence is 100% effective
HIV: Summary
• Primarily spread through sexual activity and
IV drug use
• HIV can cause serious infections, cancer,
and death
• HIV infection is increasing among teens
and young adults
References
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention. HIV/AIDS
Highlights. Available at
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap.htm Accessed October
31, 2002.
• National Institute of Health. In Their Own Words: NIH
Researchers Recall the Early Years of AIDS.
Available at
http://aidshistory.nih.gov/first_encounters/back.html
Accessed October 31, 2002.
Genital Herpes
Genital Herpes
• STD caused by a virus
• Organism: Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
• Type I (HSV-1)
– Usually mouth/lips
• Type 2 (HSV-2)
– Usually genital
• Location: Genital area and mouth/lips
(virus lives in the nerves in these areas)
Symptoms of Genital Herpes
• Most have no or only minimal signs or
symptoms (i.e. Most have it and don’t know
it!)
• Painful blisters on or around the genitals or
rectum in some people
• Blisters break, leaving tender ulcers (sores)
that may take two to four weeks to heal the
first time they occur
Recurrent Herpes
• Usually another outbreak of blisters/sores
will appear weeks or months after the first
outbreak
• Almost always less severe and shorter than
the first episode
• The number of outbreaks tends to go down
over a period of years
• The sores are often so mild, people don’t
know they have it
How Is Genital Herpes Spread?
• Skin to skin, usually through sexual activity
(oral, anal, and vaginal sex and outercourse)
• Herpes can be found and released on skin
with or without sores/blisters
• Can get it from someone who does not have
sores/blisters
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2
(HSV-2)
• Most people who have herpes sores/blisters
caused by HSV-2 will have them come back
again and again
• HSV-2 is usually spread through genital
sexual contact
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1
(HSV-1)
• HSV-1 commonly causes infection of the mouth
and lips (“cold sores” or “fever blisters”)
• Can get HSV-1 of the mouth by coming into
contact with the saliva (spit) of an infected person
(Such as sharing drinks, kissing, sneezing, ect.)
• HSV-1 in the mouth can be spread to the genitals
by oral sex with someone who is infected
Is Genital Herpes Serious?
• Can cause recurrent painful genital sores
• Frequently causes psychological distress
• Can cause serious infections in infants at
birth
• Makes it easier to get HIV if exposed to
HIV
Is Genital Herpes Common?
• 1,000,000 NEW cases each year in U.S.
• 45,000,000 people in U.S. currently infected
• 1 out of 5 people over the age of 12 are
infected with Genital Herpes
How is Genital Herpes
Diagnosed?
• Physical exam of the genital area
• Culture of blisters/sores
• Blood tests (usually not done)
Treatment for Genital Herpes
• Medications can:
– help healing
– decrease outbreaks per year
• There is NO CURE!
Can Genital Herpes be
Prevented?
• Condoms often fail in preventing the spread
of herpes because they do not cover all the
areas affected
• Abstinence is 100% effective
If you don’t have sex,
you don’t have to worry
about getting
Genital Herpes!
Genital Herpes: Summary
• Spread through oral, anal, vaginal
sex, and outercourse
• Most infected don’t know it and can
spread it to others
• No cure
• Not prevented by condoms
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
• STD caused by a virus
• Organism: Human Papillomavirus
• Location: Skin of genital area
Symptoms of Genital HPV
• Usually no symptoms
– may have it and not know it
• Can cause:
– genital warts
– cancerous cells on the genital area
Types of HPV
• There are over 100 types of HPV
• Some types occur only on genital areas and
are spread by sexual activity
• Some types are on other body parts (i.e.
hands, feet) and are not sexually transmitted
How is Genital HPV spread?
• Skin to skin contact usually through sexual
activity
• Can be spread without intercourse
(outercourse)
• Can get it from someone who does not have
warts
Is Genital HPV Serious?
• Most people infected do not know it
• Can lead to pre-cancerous cells (dysplasia)
• Can cause cancer of cervix, vagina, labia
(vulva), penis, and anus
Is Genital HPV Common?
• 5,500,000 New cases per year
• 20,000,000 Total number infected now
• 50–75% of sexually active men and women
will be infected (if you have more than one
partner or your partner has had other
partners)
How is Genital HPV
Diagnosed?
• Physical exam to look for warts on the
genital area
• Pap smear of cervix to look for precancerous cells
Treatment of Genital HPV
• Warts and pre-cancerous cells are treated with
chemicals, freezing, burning, laser, and surgical
removal
• Cancer treated with surgery, radiation, and/or
chemotherapy
• Treatments get rid of warts and pre-cancerous
cells but do not always get rid of the virus (i.e. the
warts and precancerous cells can come back)
Is There a Cure for Genital
HPV?
• NO!! But this is one of the few STDs
caused by a virus in which the body’s
immune system can sometimes eliminate it
• Most people will get rid of the virus on their
own without treatment
• In people who’s immune system does not
get rid of the virus, there is no cure
Can Genital HPV be
Prevented?
• Condoms often fail in preventing the spread
of HPV because they do not cover all the
areas affected
• There is no scientific evidence that
condoms reduce your chance of getting
Genital HPV
• Abstinence is 100% effective in preventing
Genital HPV
HPV Summary
• Can be spread through oral, anal, vaginal
sex, and outercourse
• Most infected are not aware and can spread
it to others
• Millions in the United States are infected
• Causes warts, pre-cancerous cells, and
cancer
References
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division
of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Genital HPV
Infection. Available at
http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/dstd/Fact_Sheets/FactsH
PV.htm Accessed October 31, 2002.
• Health Awareness Connection. Young People's
Guide to Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
and AIDS/HIV Disease. Available at
http://www.healthac.org Accessed October 31, 2002.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• A viral infection located in the blood and
other body fluids that can harm the liver and
can cause cancer
• Organism: Hepatitis B virus
• Location: Blood and other body fluids
Symptoms of HBV
• 30% of carriers have no symptoms
• When you first get infected:
–
–
–
–
–
Jaundice (yellow skin or eyes)
Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
• Chronic infection:
– Silent Carriers (no symptoms)
– Progressive disease resulting in cirrhosis (scarring of
the liver) or liver cancer
Normal Liver
Liver of a person with Hepatitis B:
soft, flabby, yellowish-green,
collapsed, and shrunken
•
How is HBV Spread?
• Sexual activity – most commonly
– vaginal and anal
• Intravenous drug use
– Sex with a IV drug user
• Blood transfusions (rare today)
• Mother to baby during birth
Is Hepatitis B Serious?
• Can cause cancer of the liver
• Causes liver disease resulting in death
in 15-25% of chronically infected
persons
• 5,000 deaths each year
Is Hepatitis B Common?
• 80,000 New cases per year
• 1,250,000 Infected and carrying the
virus which can be spread through
sexual activity
How is Hepatitis B Diagnosed?
Blood test
Treatment of Hepatitis B
• Many people do not clear the virus
and become “carriers”
• Medications help slow the virus
and prevent liver damage
Can Hepatitis B be Prevented?
• Get Vaccinated! It is safe and effective.
• Never do IV drugs.
• Condoms may reduce the risk but do not
eliminate it
• Abstinence is 100% effective!
Hepatitis B Summary
• A viral infection located in the blood and
other body fluids that harms the liver and
can cause cancer
• Spread most commonly through sexual
activity
• Can be prevented with a vaccine and
abstinence!
References
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral Hepatitis B.
Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/b/index.htm
Accessed October 31, 2002.
• Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine. Department
of Pathology. Review of Pathology of the Liver.Available at
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/orfpath/virhepb.htm
Accessed November 6, 2002.
• US National Library of Medicine. Liver anatomy. Available at
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepage/8848.htm Accessed
November 6, 2002.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?
• The most common chronic blood-borne
viral infection in the U.S.
• Organism: Hepatitis C virus
• Location: Blood and other body fluids
How is HCV Spread?
• Intravenous Drug Use accounts for 60% of
HCV in the U.S.
• Blood transfusions (rare today)
• Infected mother to infant during birth
• Sex with an infected partner
What are the symptoms of
HCV?
• Most infected people (80%) have no symptoms
• The other 20% will have
–
–
–
–
–
–
Jaundice (yellow skin/eyes)
Fatigue
Dark Urine
Abdominal Pain
Nausea
Loss of Appetite
Is Hepatitis C Serious?
• 10,000 people die each year from HCV
• 70% of people with HCV are chronically
infected which can lead to cirrhosis, liver
cancer, and DEATH.
• #1 Reason for liver transplant in the U.S.
Is Hepatitis C Common?
• 40,000 new cases per year
• 2,700,000 total number of infected people
How is Hepatitis C Diagnosed?
• Blood test
• Get tested if:
– You have ever injected illegal drugs
– You received blood products before 1992
Treatment of Hepatitis C
• Medications can eliminate the virus only
40% of the time.
• Many go on to have chronic HCV requiring
a liver transplant
• No definitive cure!
Can Hepatitis C be Prevented?
• No vaccine available
• The efficacy of condoms to prevent
Hepatitis C is unknown
• Do not do IV drugs
• Abstinence is 100% effective!
Hepatitis C Summary
• A viral infection located in the blood and
other body fluids that harms the liver and
can cause cancer and death
• Spread mainly by IV drug use and sex
• No Cure
References
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral
Hepatitis C. Available at
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/c/index.
htm Accessed October 31, 2002.