Transcript Body Composition

Body Composition
Smojver
Do Now

Write down anything that comes to mind when you think of body composition

What do you think are some criteria for a positive body composition?

If you went to the doctor today and they told you that you needed to lower
your body composition, what 3 realistic changes could you make?
Somatotype

Your body type

3 different Somatotypes:

Ectomorph

Endomorph

Mesomorph
Ectomorph
 Lean,
slender body type
 Gaining
difficult
weight is a little more
Mesomorph
A
muscular somatotype
Endomorph
 Rounder,
heavier body
type
 Staying
lean can prove to
be harder
Somatotypes

Remember these are all generalizations


Most people have their own unique combination of all 3
somatotypes
You are born with an inherited somatotype based on skeletal frame
and body composition
Body Composition
Lean Body Mass
Body Fat

Stored calories that have not been
burned up
Ligaments

Calories In vs. Calories Out
Tendons

3,5000 calories = 1 lb. of fat

Body fat rises if your intake of
calories is higher than your output
of calories

Muscle tissues

Bones


Measuring Body Fat

Underwater Weighing

Electrical Impedance

Skin Fold Measurement

BMI (Body Mass Index) Calculation
Underwater Weighing

Hydrostatic Weighing

Most accurate method

However, it’s the most expensive

Pool

Scale

Trained Individuals
Electrical Impedance

How electricity travels through a
given material

A very slight electrical current runs
through the body and it measures
the degree of resistance against the
current

Every tissue has different electrical
impedance determined by its molecular
composition
Skinfold Measurement

Uses a skinfold caliper to measure a fold of
skin and its underlying layer of fat at key
locations of the body

Usually taken at 3-9 spots

Iliac Crest

Triceps

Biceps

Suprascapular (spinal area)

Abdominal

Front Thigh

Medial Calf

Chest (near armpit)
Body Mass Index (BMI)

Calculation used to determine BMI

Least accurate way
weight
703
x
height x height
Ideal Body Fat Percentage

Males up to age 30
 9%-15%

body fat
Females up to age 30
 14%-21%
body fat
Body Image

How you see yourself when you look in
the mirror or how you picture yourself
in your mind

How has society changed the ideal
body image?
Anorexia

Characterized by the refusal to
maintain a minimally accepted body
weight, intense fear of weight gain,
and a distorted body image

Inadequate intake of calories or
excessive caloric output

Anorexics may even use laxatives,
enemas, and/or diuretics (water pills)
Anorexia

Mental & Physical

Absence of menstruation

Skeletal muscle atrophy

Low blood pressure

Depression

Thinning hair

Damage to vital organs

Death from starvation
Bulimia

Characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging

Purging is usually followed with guilt
Bulimia

Both mental & physical

Treatment through
hospital stay or
outpatient services
Steroids

Used to increase muscle size &
strength

“Designer” Steroids:

An anabolic (muscle building) drug
that has been structurally
manipulated to mimic the muscle
building effects of testosterone,
while sidestepping a positive steroid
test
Steroids: Major Male & Female Side
Effects

High blood pressure & heart disease

Liver damage and cancers

Stroke and blood clots

Urinary and bowel problems

Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps

Nausea and vomiting

Sleep problems

Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries

Severe acne, especially on face and back

Baldness
Male Side Effects
Males

One of the most disturbing
effects of steroid use for males is
that the body begins to produce
less of its own testosterone cause
the following effects:
 Reduced sperm count





Impotence
Increase in nipple and breast
size
Enlarged prostate
Shrinking of the testicles
Infertility
Females

Since steroids act as a
male hormone, females
may experience the
following effects:

Reduced breast size

Increase in facial and body
hair

Deepened voice

Menstrual problems

Male patterned baldness
A Special Danger to Adolescents

High school and middle school students & athletes need to be aware
of the effect steroids have on growth.

Anabolic steroids, even in small doses, have been shown to stop
growth too soon.

Adolescents also may be at the risk for becoming dependent on
steroids.

Adolescents who use steroids are also more likely to use other
addictive drugs and alcohol.
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