Transcript Roma and Drugs in Figures – the Czech Republic

„ Roma and Drugs in Figures –
the Czech Republic“
Budapest, 29-30 October 2004
Czech National Focal Point for
Drugs and Drug Addiction
Office of the Government of the Czech Rep.
tel. +420296153222
fax +420296153264
Pavla Lejckova
Content
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Roma population in the Czech Republic
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Drug use among Roma
Roma population surveys
Pattern of drug use among Roma
HCV seroprevalence study
Roma and treatment
Gravity of drug problem in Roma communities
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Roma Population in the CR
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evidence of Roma population?
 11 746 Roma in the CR in 2001 according to Census – based on their
own declaration
 32 903 according to 1991 Census
 145 738 according to municipal authorities in 1989
 estimate: 160 – 200 thousand (based on demographic projections)
no evidence of Roma population
 civic approach: equal approach to individual with no regard to
nationality or ethnicity
 protection of personal data (nationality/ethnicity = personal information)
 fear of accusation of discrimination
demographic and social characteristics
 high fertility, higher number of children in families, less favourable
health status (influenced by extent of smoking and alcohol)
 lower level of education, low qualification, high level of unemployment
(long-term, social support), low quality of housing
Roma Population Surveys
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Roma Out-Reach and Battery Project, 2003 - 2004
 NGO project focusing on extent and pattern of drug use in Roma
population with the help of Roma out-reach workers
 2003: research model proposed, pilot testing, focus groups
 2004: research realization
Specifics of Roma Drug Users Compared to Majority Population Users,
2002 - 2003
 NGO in Prague
 non-standardized questionnaire in low-threshold centre
 sample: 30 Roma respondents (29 aged 15 – 25, 1 older), 30 nonRoma respondents (24 aged 15 – 25, 6 older)
 questions on drug used, frequency, age at first use, route of
administration, needle sharing, treatment
Out-Reach Programme in Socially Excluded Roma Communities, 1999  Council of the Government for Roma Community Affairs
 situation analysis in Roma communities: assessment of
unemployment, housing, truancy, illiteracy, criminality, prostitution,
gambling, drug use – in the beginning and at the end of year
 81 Roma communities observed, gravity of the problem assessed
Prevalence of Drug Use among
Roma
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Roma and Drugs, 2004 (school survey realized by A Kluby Society in Brno)
200 respondents (aged 12 – 16); 96 students of Roma community schools
drugs = tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs
Prevalence of drug use
60
40
Roma
33
55
52
non-Roma
50
First drug used
70
60
34 36
32
37
50
30
40
20
30
12
10
20
0
10
never
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only once
several
times
age at first drug use:
regular use
65
56
non-Roma
Roma
41
32
2,5
3
0
cigarettes
alcohol
marijuana
non-Roma 88 % at the age of 12 and older
Roma
53 % at the age of 11 and younger
Pattern of Drug Use among Roma
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Specifics of Roma Drug Users in Comparison to Majority Population Users,
2002 - 2003
30 Roma and 30 non-Roma low-threshold centre/out-reach programme
clients
Primary drug
Roma
Heroin
Subutex
Pervitin
non-Roma
87 %
50 %
-
43 %
13 %
7%
Treatment
Roma
non-Roma
Voluntary
34 %
56 %
Involuntary
13 %
16 %
Never
47 %
28 %
Roma population:
- 63 % combine heroin and pervitin
- all combine main drug with
inhalants and sedatives
- 43 % use daily
Low-threshold centre
- Roma 30 % vs. 73 % non-Roma
HCV Seroprevalence Study 1
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HCV Seroprevalence Study, NMC
September 2002 – December 2003
multi-site cross-sectional study
12 centres involved: low-threshold incl. out-reach programmes
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study goals
 identify prevalence of HCV antibodies (seroprevalence) among
injecting drug users
 identify predictive factors influencing the prevalence
 evaluate level of knowledge on hepatitis C and the methods of
prevention applied among injection drug users
 identify sources of instruments for injecting and attitudes to the
acquisition of clean instruments and identify factors influencing these
practices
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760 clients tested, 226 HCV positive results = 29.7 %
HCV Seroprevalence Study 2
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main findings by ethnic groups
#
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# of positive
results
%
Czech
651
86.0
195
30.0
Roma
92
12.2
24
26.1
Others
14
1.9
6
42.9
757
100.0
225
29.7
Total
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%
Roma: younger with shorter period of drug injecting
higher M/F ratio (3:1) than in the major population (2:1)
higher frequency of opiates as main drug than in major population
(36% vs. 27%)
higher frequency of drug injecting than in major population
lower knowledge and information about drug-related infectious diseases,
risk factors, harm reduction measures (e.g. testing)
no significant differences in:
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sharing of needles
imprisonment (Roma slightly more frequently)
sex for money or drugs
Roma and Treatment
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insufficient data in general
according to treatment demand register:
 2000: 60 Roma clients out of 9 237 all treatment demands
 2002: 54 Roma clients out of 4 148 first treatment demands (1.3 %)
substitution treatment is the only attractive modality for Roma community
(high ratio of Roma clients in substitution centres esp. in Usti nad Labem,
Ostrava, Brno)
exchange programmes are acceptable
low number in contact with low-threshold centres
very low interest for psychotherapy
Drug Problem in Roma Communities
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Out-Reach Programme in Socially Excluded Roma Communities, since
1999 (data for 2003)
81 Roma communities observed, gravity of problems assessed
Prevalence of drugs in communities
#
% of all
communities
% communities with
reported drug use
Any illicit drug
56
69.1
Marijuana
45
55.6
80.4
Ecstasy
6
7.4
10.7
Pervitin
29
35.8
51.8
Heroin
8
9.9
14.3
Inhalants
44
54.3
78.6
Sedatives
22
27.2
39.3
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substantial problem in 11 communities (13.6 %)
correlation with the extent of gambling (59),
prostitution (28), criminality (67), usury (35),
low education
4%
25% 11%
18%
42%
1
2
3
4
5
Thank you for your attention
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Contact:
Czech National Focal Point for Drugs and Drug Addiction
National Drug Commission
Office of the Government of the Czech Republic
Nabrezi Edvarda Benese 4
118 01 Prague 1
Pavla Lejckova
tel: +420 296 153 349
[email protected]