Transcript Repeat and High BAC Offenders

Countermeasures for
Impaired Driving Offenders
July 2011
Heidi L. Coleman
Chief, Impaired Driving Division
NHTSA
Topics
• National Fatality Trends
• Problem ID – impaired driving fatalities
• Various “Categories” of Impaired Driving Offenders
• NHTSA Strategy and Countermeasures
60,000
30
54,000
27
48,000
24
42,000
21
36,000
18
30,000
15
24,000
12
18,000
9
12,000
6
6,000
3
0
0
1902
1911
1920
1929
1938
1947
1956
1965
1974
1983
1992
2001
2010*
*Projected Fatalities and Fatality Rate
Fatality Rate
Fatalities
Overview – Fatalities and Fatality Rates
Prior Periods of Significant Declines
2nd Consecutive Quarter of Increases after 17 Consecutive
Quarters of Declines
Alcohol Impaired Driving Fatalities and
Rates, 1982-2009
1.4
25000
1.2
20000
1
15000
0.8
0.6
10000
0.4
5000
0.2
0
0
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 9
Change from 2008 to 2009
2009 Annual
Assessment
Year
2008
37, 423
2009
33,808
In alcohol-impaired
driving crashes
11,711
10,839
% of Total
31.3%
32.1%
0.40
0.37
Total
Rate (per 100M
VMT)
Source: FARS
Change
%
Change
-3615
-10%
-872
-7.4%
Our “Target Audience”
• “First” Offenders
•First time caught or convicted
• “Highest Risk” Offenders
•Repeat and High BAC Offenders
• “Potential” Offenders
•Not yet caught or convicted
Alcohol-Impaired Drivers
by Prior Convictions and Suspensions*
Alcohol-Impaired Drivers, By Prior DWI Convictions and Suspensions in 2008*
Prior Offense Type
Alcohol-Impaired
Number
Percent
10,946
100%
2+ Previous DWI
128
1.2%
1 Previous DWI
720
6.6%
0 Previous DWI and
1+ Prior Suspension
1,903
17%
0 Previous DWI and
No Prior Suspension
7,733
71%
462
4.2%
Unknown
*FARS records Prior convictions and suspensions within last 3 years from the date of the crash
Source: FARS 2008 Annual Report File [ARF]
Alcohol-Impaired Drivers by Prior DWI /
Suspensions*
*Within Last 3 Years from Crash
Drugged Drivers
• More difficult to measure
• National Roadside Survey - 16.3 %
of night-time weekend drivers
tested positive for drugs
• FARS Report – 18 % of fatally
injured drivers in 2008 showed
presence of drugs (up from 13 % in
2005)
Strategic Approach
by “Target Audience”
•“First” Offenders
• Deterrence
•“Highest Risk” Offenders
(Repeat and High BAC Offenders)
• Supervision and Treatment
(as appropriate)
•“Potential” Offenders
• Prevention
Deterrence for
“First” Offenders
• Criminal Justice and ALR
Systems
• Training and Education for
CJS and ALR Professionals
• Appropriate Sanctions
• Ignition Interlocks
• Mandatory Law for All Offenders
in 16 States
• Increase use
• Improve implementation
• Risk Assessment
• Under Development by APPA
Supervision (and Treatment)
For “Highest Risk” Offenders
• DWI/Drug Courts
• 526 DWI Courts
• More than 2600 drug courts
• Healthy People 2020
• Other Close Supervision
Practices
• APPA Supervision Guidelines
• Intensive Supervision Report
•Other Models, e.g. 24/7
Prevention for
“Potential” Offenders
• High Visibility Enforcement
• Create perception of risk
• Crackdowns and Sustained
Enforcement
• Frequency, Intensity, Visibility,
Timing, Location
• Paid and earned media
• Screening and Brief Intervention
• Motivation at Teachable Moment
• Medical Community – trauma
centers, Emergency Departments
• Colleges
• Workplace
Unique Role for Motor Vehicle
Administrators - ALR
• ALR
• Has been shown to be effective in saving lives
• Based on “swift and certain”
• But loopholes and process issues have made it
less certain
• There are solutions to some of the problems
• No prosecutors; training for law
enforcement
• Availability for testimony; telephonic
Unique Role for Motor Vehicle
Administrators - Interlocks
• Interlocks
• Has been shown to be effective in reducing
recidivism
• Systems are based in courts, administrative or
both
• Administrative involves more certainty, but
fewer remedies for non-compliance and
supervision is limited
• Numbers are increasing (100,000 in 2006;
212,000 in 2010)But loopholes and process
issues have made it less certain
• Important to build an effective system
Unique Role for Motor Vehicle
Administrators – Vehicle
Sanctions
• Impoundment
• Immobilization
• Forfeiture
• Vehicle Plate Sanctions
NHTSA Resources
• Utah Telephonic Testimony at ALR Hearings
• Ignition Interlocks – Key Features Report
• Ignition Interlocks: What You Need to Know –
Toolkit for Policymakers, Highway Safety
Professionals and Advocates
• Minnesota ALR and Vehicle Plate Impoundment
Law
Thank you.
Questions?
Heidi L. Coleman
Chief, Impaired Driving Division
202-366-2568
[email protected]