Transcript Slide 1
Hallucinogens • LSD – Lysergic Acid Diethylamide(LSD) – Most potent Hallucinogenic – High Potential for abuse – Takes 30-90minutes to feel effects. – Last 12 hours – “Bad Trip” hallucinations that cause fear and panic Mescaline – Also know as Peyote – Mostly used by native Americans – Grows on a cactus – Mescaline is also known as “Buttons” or the flowers from the cacti they can be chewed or soaked. – Lasts about 12 hours Psilocybin • Aka Magic Mushrooms • Hallucinations are far less predictable Ketamine • Sedative for human and animal use • Produces physical effects similar to PCP (disassociation) and visual effects of LSD • Trip can last an hour or less – – – – Low dose = (K-land- a mellow colorful wonder world) High dose = (K-Hole – an out of body near death experience) This is considered a club/date rape drug also Effects • • • • • • • • Numbness Muscle rigidity Aggressive/violent behavior Slurred or blocked speech Exaggerated sense of strength Blank stare Some doses can last 4-6 hrs Takes 24-48 hours to feel normal again PCP • Phencyclidine (PCP) • Has many of the same effects of LSD, but can be more dangerous • Known for inducing violent behavior and for causing seizures, comas, and death • There is no way to predict who will have a bad reaction to the drug • It acts as a hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant, and anesthetic all at the same time • Can be ingested orally or smoke by applying the liquid to a cigarette or marijuana (this is called Lacing) • PCP causes the user to feel detached from reality and some other signs are numbness, slurred speech, loss of coordination, and a sense of having incredible strength and invulnerability. Depressants • Barbiturates – – – – – First used medically in the early 1900s More than 2,500 have been synthesized There are about a dozen in medical use today They depress the CNS Produces a mild sedation similar to a coma, and have been used as sedatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, and anticonvulsants – Classified by how fast they produce and effect and how long they last. • • • • • • • • • • Ultra short Short Intermediate Long acting ExNembutal (phenobarbital) Mebaral (mephobarbital) Amytal Sodium (amobarbital sodium) Butisol (butabarbital sodium) Seconal Sodium Pulvules (secobarbital sodium) Benzodiazepines • • • • • • Used therapeutically to produce sedation, induce sleep, relieve anxiety, and muscle spasms. They act as hypnotics is high doses Anxiolytics in moderate doses And sedatives in low doses They are the most widely used prescription meds. Common symptoms – Amnesia – Hostility – Irritability – Vivid or disturbing dreams – And a high tolerance/physical dependence can occur – Withdrawal symptoms are similar to alcohol and may require hospitalization – Abrupt cessation is not recommended because it can cause many unpleasant symptoms and even death. Ex. Ativan Dalmane ,Doral, Estazolam, Flurazepam, Halcion, Lorazepamm, Midazolam HCL, Prosom, Restoril, Temazepam , Triazolam Alprazolam , Ativan , Chlordiazepoxide , Clorazepate , Diazepam , Librium , Lorazepam , Oxazepam , Serax , Tranxene SD Tranxene T , Valium , Xanax , Xanax XR , Clonazepam , Klonopin Rohypnol • Most commonly know as a date rape drug • Abused at raves, and night clubs • Causes – Drowsiness – Visual disturbances – Dizziness – Confusion – Gastrointestinal disturbances – Memory loss Stimulants • Cocaine – Highly Potent Stimulant – One of the greatest drug threats in the world – Ingested by snorting, injection or smoking • Smoking allows extremely high doses of the drug to reach the brain quickly • Injecting puts the user at a greater risk for contracting HIV • Symptoms – – – – – – Disturbance in heart rhythm Elevated blood pressure Increased heart rate Irritability Anxiety Can lead to heart attacks, strokes, seizures, and respiratory failure Amphetamines • Today amphetamines are used to treat narcolepsy, some forms of depression, and ADD. • Symptoms include: – Restlessness, tremors, rapid breathing, confusion, hallucinations, panic, aggressiveness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irregular heart beat, and seizures. Methamphetamines • Powerful stimulant that has a great effect on the CNS. • Small amounts: – Wakefulness, increased physical activity, decreased appetite, increased respiration, hypothermia, and euphoria – Other effects • Irritability, insomnia, confusion, tremmors, paranoia, and aggressiveness Slang - Speed, Ice, Crystal, Crank, Glass Ecstasy • • • • • MDMA or Molly Mainly used by teens and young adults Taken orally, and are often stamped with icons or logos to appeal to young audience. Effects last 4-6 hrs Effects include – – – – – – – – – – – – Increased HR Raise in blood pressure and body temp Jaw and teeth clenching Muscle tension Hypertension Dehydration Chills/sweating Nausea Paranoia Insomnia Liver damage Paralysis Narcotics • Opium – One of the first narcotics – Derived from the poppy plant – Key ingredient of all narcotics – First concertized to morphine for medical purposes – Morphine was then synthesized into heroin – Takes approximately 10kg of opium to make 1kg of heroin Morphine • Derived from opium • One of the most effective drugs for the relief of pain • Synthesized into heroin Codeine • Most commonly used, naturally occurring narcotic in medical treatment in the world • Prescribed to relieve moderate pain and cough suppression Heroin • First synthesized from morphine in 1874 • Heroin is an illegal drug know on the street as smack, junk, brown sugar, dope, horse, skunk just to name a few. • Derived from the milk of the poppy plant • Manufactured in remote labs. • Most illicit heroin is in powder form • The typical heroin user today consumes more heroin than the user did a decade ago heroin is typically melted down to liquid for and injected intravenously, or subcutaneously (skin-popping) or intramuscularly. • In some cases higher potency heroin is snorted Oxycontin • Causes a depression on the CNS • People who take the drug reputedly can develop a tolerance • Has a high abuse potential • Used to relieve pain • Due to its high abuse potential users and experience sever symptoms of widthdrawal Marijuana/Hashish