Transcript Chapter 19
Chapter 19 Sexual Disorders and Sex Therapy 1-1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sexual Disorders • Sexual disorder - a problem with sexual response that causes a person mental distress • The term sexual dysfunction is also used 1-2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Kinds of Sexual Disorders • Erectile disorder - the inability to have an erection or maintain one – Primary erectile disorder - man has never had an erection sufficient to have intercourse – Secondary erectile disorder - man at one time was able to have satisfactory erections but now no longer is 1-3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Kinds of Sexual Disorders • Premature ejaculation - sexual disorder in which the man ejaculates too soon and he feels he cannot control when he ejaculates • Male orgasmic disorder - male cannot have an orgasm, even though he is highly aroused 1-4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Kinds of Sexual Disorders • Female orgasmic disorder - inability to have an orgasm – Primary orgasmic disorder - woman has never experienced an orgasm – Secondary orgasmic disorder - woman had orgasms at some time in her life but no longer does so – Situational orgasmic disorder - woman has orgasms in some situations but not others • Female sexual arousal disorder - lack of response to sexual stimulation 1-5 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Painful Intercourse • Dyspareunia - pain experienced during intercourse • Vaginismus - spastic contraction of the muscles surrounding the entrance to the vagina, sometimes so severe that it makes intercourse impossible 1-6 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Disorders of Sexual Desire • Sexual desire or libido - interest in sexual activity • Hypoactive sexual desire - inhibited or low sexual desire • Discrepancy of sexual desire - partners have considerably different levels of sexual desire 1-8 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. What Causes Sexual Disorders? • Physical causes • Psychological causes • Interpersonal Factors 1-9 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Physical Causes • Organic factors • Drugs; alcohol, illicit or recreational drugs, prescription drugs 1-10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-12 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-13 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Psychological Causes • Prior learning - the things that people have learned earlier • Immediate causes - various things that happen in the act of lovemaking itself that inhibit the sexual response – Anxieties such as fear of failure – Cognitive interference - thoughts that distract person from focusing on erotic experience – Failure of the partners to communicate – Failure to engage in effective, sexually stimulating behavior 1-14 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Interpersonal Factors • Disturbances in a couple’s relationship • Anger or resentment toward one’s partner • Intimacy problems in the relationship 1-15 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Therapies for Sexual Disorders • Behavior therapy - eliminates goal-oriented sexual performance • Cognitive behavior therapy - combines behavior therapy and restructuring of negative thought patterns • Couple therapy • Biomedical therapy 1-16 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Specific Treatment for Specific Problems • • • • 1-17 The stop-start technique Masturbation Kegel exercises Bibliotherapy Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Biomedical Therapies • Drug treatments – Viagra - treats erectile disorder • Intracavernosal injection - treats erectile disorder; injects a vasodilator drug into the corpora cavernosa of the penis • Suction devices - treats erectile disorders • Surgical therapy - the inflatable penis implants a prosthesis into the penis 1-18 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-19 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-20 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Critiques of Sex Therapy • Masters and Johnson never clearly defined “successful treatment” • Lack of carefully controlled studies • Possible harmful effects of therapy on patients 1-21 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sex Therapy in the AIDS Era • Encouraging the use of condoms • Communication skills training 1-22 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Some Practical Advice • Principles that emerge from sex therapists’ work: – – – – Communicate with your partner Don’t be a spectator Don’t set up goals of sexual performance Be choosy about the situations in which you have sex – Failures will occur 1-23 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Choosing a Sex Therapist • There is no licensing for sex therapists • Your local medical association or psychological association can provide a list of psychiatrists or psychologists • Professional organizations of sex therapists 1-24 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.