Transcript NPS - eDekontaminace

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
ROMANIA’s ExpERIENcE
Lavinius Sava– sociologist NAA/ Romania’sFocal Point
Budapest, 19.04.2016
„KNOWLEDGE IS POWER.”
(FRANCIS BACON)
Romania – country profile
among the European countries with the lowest
drug consumption rates –
below average for the most drugs
NPS – a maximum was registered during 2009-2010, then the trend went down. Slight
increases of prevalence are observed in 2014 among users accesing the Emergency Units
and Drug Treatment Facilities.
component of the northern part
of the traditional Balkan
route - the key route of
heroin trafficking.
What are the NPS?
UNODC -“new psychoactive substances (NPS)” -“substances of abuse, either in a pure
form or a preparation, that are not controlled by the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs or the 1971
Convention on Psychotropic Substances, but which may pose a public health threat”.
(Synthetic cannabinoids, Synthetic cathinones, Ketamine, Phenethylamines, Piperazines, Plant-based
substances, other(aminoindanes, phencyclidine-type, tryptamines)
ROMANIA – Law no.194/2011 > substitute
– “any substance or mixture of natural
or synthetic substances, in any physical form, or any product, plant, mushroom or fragments, whose use is
not regulated by other legal provisions, and are likely to yield psychoactive effects and, which
can be use instead of a narcotic substance or preparation with psychoactive effects or instead of a
controlled plant or substance for the same purposes, irrespective of content, name, administration
route, packaging or label”.
brief history of NSP in
Romania
NPS–why is this a PROBLEM?
All studies and indicators show a PROBLEM
High prevalence and increasing dynamic, geographically widespreaded
Specific pattern of use (injecting drugs)
Harmful for IDU’s
Public health risk
Difficulties in knowledge and low possibilities of specific treatment
Insufficient impact of public policies’ controlling measures
NPS on the open market
2007-2010 =>
450 SPICE
SHOPS
The dynamic of the “Dream Shops” in Romania, 2007-2013
NPS - main features in Romania
•syntethic cannabinoids(smoking mixtures-SPICE) & amphetamine –
like stimulants (cathinones)
herbal material, infused with psychogenic substances with the help of
•isopropylic
acid
• high versatility of the chemical formulas
• mainly described as bath salts, plant food or potpourri
any consistency in the ingredients used, although the packaging and
•inscription
were identical
from outside Europe, most part from China
• originate
organised crime groups have started manufacturing them in European
•countries
• substances are imported via means of fast track postage, like DHL, TNT,
Romanian Post or paid carriers
Data from studies – target populations
GPS 2010 (national level/15-64 years) –
NSP: LTP 1,9%, LYP 1,1%, LMP 0,6%
NPS use - popular among the youngster populations
NPS USER’s PROFILE
NPS patterns of use*
• age: 11 - 40 years old (significant use
at children < 15 years old);
• high visibility of use;
• socially integrated youngsters
coming from normal families;
• low adresability to medical/social
services.
• 42,5% - first drug used is NPS /daily
basis use
• use history- varies between 1 and 31
months, with an average of 13
months, most frequent answer
recorded is 24 months, or 2 years
• administration route -smoking,
followed by injecting and sniffing.
explosive growth of
indirect death cases
HIV+ OUTBREAK among IDUs from Bucharest!!!
CASE STUDY > Operation SmartFox
- Typical scenario of NPS distribution
MODUS OPERANDI
Strategic responses
main strategic actions :
Monitoring, systematic surveillance and risk assessment
Prevention and harm reduction interventions
Control – legal responses
International cooperation
Monitoring, systematic surveillance and
risk assessment – main tools
Prevention& Harm reduction
Campaigns
PREVENTION
Training
OST
• 1200 slots available in Bucharest
NSP
• 2 mil. syringes /year since 2012
HIV/HCV&HVB Testing
GIRRAD
National Antidrug Strategy
(2013-2020)
• scaling up the screening for HIV&
HVC)
• setting up an informal group of consultation
• dedicated measures of harm-reduction (syringe vending
machines, consumption rooms.)
Control – legal responses:
Using &
updating the
anti-narcotic
conventional
legislation
- Law
no.134/2000-
Using existing
laws focused on
consumer and
health
protection or
medicine
regulation
(administrative
measures)
Innovative legal
responses
(substances
defined by its
effects rather
then chemical
structure)
- Law
no.194/2011-
updating the anti-narcotic conventional
legislation
Law no. 143/2000 on countering the illicit drug trafficking and use, further amended
and supplemented
Law no. 339/2005 laying down the rules for the legal status of plants, substances and
preparations with narcotic and psychotropic content, further amended and
supplemented;
Using existing laws focused on consumer and health
protection or medicine regulation
Innovative legal responses
psychoactive
effect
“substitute”
authorization
Law
no.194/2011
defining substance by
its effects rather then
chemical structure
International cooperation
EWS
EMCDDA
REITOX
UNODC
MAIN OUTCOMES
NO more STREET SPICE/DREAM SHOPS
1.188.184 euro (fines) /
138.340 NPS envelopes
confiscated !
2015 – intense activity
for the law enforcement
representatives
GPS 2013- NPS use is declining
The prevalence of NPS use in General Population
(15-64 years)
LTP(%)
LYP(%)
LMP(%)
GPS 2010
2
1.1
0.6
GPS 2013
2
0.3
0
HIV+ epidemic – steadily decreasing
stabilization and slightly decreasing trend for the new diagnosed
cases of HIV+ IDUs
Drug related emergencies, drug related deaths &
treatment admissions
Treatment
admissions and
related emergencies
are declining during
2011-2013
limits & mutations
Conclusions & future
developments
Conclusions
• Delayed and unstructured responding measures at the beginning (2008-2010) then an
integrated, coherent and effective control system of the NPS was available.
• Romania – among European countries innovative responding to the NPS challenge
• The interventions have notably reduced the NPS related problems in Romania, but also
forced up some mutations and readjustments of the markets for these substances (newly
emerged on-line markets).
• NPS phenomenon mutations generate different problems which need to be adressed by new
solutions and new specialized resources.
• Due to these new evolutions the hypothesis of a future return of the NPS in Romania have
emerged (as shown by the KI).
Future developments
support
specialized
labs
strengthen
monitoring &
surveillance
systems
scaling up
prevention
& harmreduction
interventions
constant
knowledge &
resources
development
for on-line
NPS’
monitoring
close
international
cooperation to
set up a new
legal framework
for NPS
control(art.83.E
UFT)
Lavinius SAVA–
-National Focal Point on drugs within the NAA, ROMANIA
http://www.ana.gov.ro/
https://www.facebook.com/AgentiaNationalaAntidrog/