Transcript Report from Poland

Pompidou Group Symposium on NPS
Venice
15 November 2016
Existing approaches and regulations to deal with the
NPS phenomenon
Report from Poland
dr Piotr Jablonski
National Bureau for Drug Prevention
Four pillars of national responses:
• Active monitoring, researches, and exchange
of information
• Legal changes
• Actions in the field
• Prevention
Short history of NPS phenomenon
in Poland
•
before 2008 – limited number of information about the legal highs in
INTERNET (users forums ect.)
•
beginning of 2008 – www.dopalacze.com
•
second half of 2008 – opening of the first street shop offering legal highs in
city of Lodz
•
by the end of 2008 – 40 street shops in centres of major Polish cities
Short history of NPS phenomenon
in Poland
•
February 2009 – Central Forensic Laboratory of Police identified JWH-018 in herbal mixtures
„Spice Arctic Synergy”, „Smoke”, „Genie”.
•
8 May 2009 – 1st amendment of the Act on counteracting drug addiction (regarding legal highs)
came into force.17 substances were put under control: BZP, JWH-018 and 16 herbs:
•
ARGYREIA NERVOSA, BANISTERIOPSIS CAAPI, CALEA ZACATECHICHI, CATHA EDULIS,
ECHINOPSIS PACHANOI, KAVA KAVA, LEONOTIS LEONURUS, MIMOSA TENUIFLORA,
MITRAGYNA SPECIOSA, NYMPHEA CAERULEA, PEGANUM HARMALA, PSYCHOTRIA
VIRIDIS, RIVEA CORYMBOSA, SALVIA DIVINORUM, TABERNANTHE IBOGA,
TRICHOCEREUS PERUVIANUS
•
after the amendment – new products with new substances (i.e. other synthetic cannabinoids,
mephedrone) appear on the market
25 August 2010: 2nd amendment on the Act on counteracting drug
addiction (regarding legal highs) came into force. 9 substances were
put under control: mephedrone and synthetic cannabinoids: JWH073, JWH-398, JWH-250, JWH-200, CP 47,497 + homologs, HU-210
In October 2010 over 1 300 of street shops were operating
according to the National Consultant in Clinical Toxicology in
October 2010 there were 258 cases of poisonings suspected to be
connected with legal highs
1 – 3 October 2010: nationwide action of the Police and General
Sanitary Inspectorate.
Aim: to close all shops selling „legal highs”
Act of 8 October 2010 amending the Act on counteracting drug addiction and
the Act on State Sanitary Inspection (3rd amendment)
•
definition of substitution drug:
•
substance of natural or synthetic origin in any physical state or a product,
plant, mushroom or part thereof, containing such a substance, used instead
of a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance or for the same purposes as
a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance, whose manufacture or
introduction to trade is not regulated by separate provisions; provisions on
general safety of products do not apply to substitute drugs.
Withdrawal of suspected product
from the market
•
In the event of a reasonable suspicion that the product poses a threat to
human health or life, the appropriate state sanitary inspector shall, by way
of a decision, order withdrawal of the product from the market for the period
necessary to conduct an assessment and research into its safety, however,
not longer than 18 months.
Financial penalty
•
Whoever manufactures or places a substitute drug on the market on the
territory of the Republic of Poland shall be subject to a financial penalty
between PLN 20 000 and PLN 1 000 000. (EUR 5 000 – 250 000)
Advertising ban
It shall be prohibited to advertise and promote foods or other products through
suggesting that they:
1) have effects of psychotropic substances or narcotic drugs or
2) their consumption, even misuse, may cause effects similar to the use of
psychotropic substances or narcotic drugs.”
Ban on substitution drugs
•
It shall be prohibited to manufacture and place substitute drugs on the
market on the territory of the Republic of Poland.
•
In the event of ascertaining manufacture or placing on the market of a
substitute drug or a product suspected to be a substitute drug, the
appropriate state sanitary inspector applies accordingly provisions of Article
27c of the Act of 14 March 1985 on State Sanitary Inspection.
•
8 June 2011- 4th amendment aiming to put under control 23 new
substances came into force:
•
JWH-007, JWH-019, JWH-081, JWH-122, JWH-203, JWH-210, AM-694,
RCS-4, 4-EMC, 4-MEC, 4-FMC, Metedron, Metamphepramone, TFMPP,
pFPP, MBZP, 2C-E, MDPEA, MDPV, Methylon, Buthylon, Naphyrone,
Fluoroampfetamine.
Sharp decline of poisonings due to legal highs
Last amendmend - entered in force
on 1st of July 2015
•
Introduction of new definition of new psychoactive substances including list
(generic definition as an option), Risk Assessment Team, extended
competence of Custom Services
•
Delegalization of 114 NPS including 30 cannabinoids: JWH-015, JWH-098,
JWH-251, JWH-307, JWH-166, JWH-201, JWH-208, JWH-302, JWH-368,
AM-2201, 3-(4-hydroksymetylobenzoilo)-1-pentyloindol, 5-FUR-144, A834,735, AM-2233, AM-1248, APICA, APINACA, MAM-2201, RCS-2, UR144, AB-001, EAM-2201 (5-fluoro JWH-210), 5F-AKB-48, 5F-PB-22, AM1220, AB-FUBINACA, STS-135, QUCHIC, QUPIC, THJ-018
Liczba zgłoszeń
interwencji medycznych
Medical
intervention
due tow przypadkach podejrzeń zatruć nowymi
substancjami psychoaktywnymi w 2010 -2015
NPS
overdosese (source: Piotr Burda)
(dr. Piotr Burda, Ośrodek Kontroli Zatruć - Warszawa)
X
2009 „Legal highs (Boosters) can
burn you out – Face the facts”
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Aims: Information and education of young
people on consequences of using
psychoactive substances contained in legal
highs
Target group: young people, disco and club
goers
Public Relations Actions
Media– Internet
Broad social campaign conducted by local
implementers (Marshal’s Offices, Municipal
authorities, Communal authorities, Police
Headquarters, etc.) – posters, promotion of
www.dopalaczeinfo.pl
Main theme of communication: informative
and partnership-based
Quick response, precise
targeting, social coalition, low
cost, Internet
www.dopalaczeinfo.pl
New threat – „Legal highs” in 2009/2010
• Brochure addressed to parents,
• Duration – 2 school hours,
• Leader: school counselor or
head teacher,
• Aims of the meeting:
Brochure for school
counselor, head
teacher
– Sensitizing parents to the new
threat;
– Providing basic information on
new psychoactive substances
emerging on the drug market;
– Activating parents – winning them
as school’s allies in protecting
children and youth against
psychoactive substance-related
harm.
„Our children and threats they face
– Legal highs - leaflet in 2009/2010
Leaflet targeting parents containing
basic information on legal highs, ways
of preventing the phenomenon, legal
aspects, assistance and early
intervention services. Widely
distributed e.g. with parent lesson
plans.
Leaflet for parents
„Closer to each other, further away from drugs –
guidebook for parents” – Find common ground with
your child in 2009/2010
→ Guidebook contains principles of building solid
relationship with the child or/and improving the
relationship with the parents. It also provides
information regarding:
• new psychoactive substances - so-called legal
highs
• latest legal changes,
• up-to-date, basic knowledge of drugs
• new dictionary of youth slang
Guidebook for parents
Next prevention materials for different group 20132015
•
New version of webpage: www.dopalaczeinfo.pl
•
Guidebooks for parents
•
Leaflet for youth
18
LTP of NPS in general population
and
sub-pupulations, 2008-2015; %
40
36
35
ESPAD (students 15-16 years
old) LTP
30
GPS (15-64years old ) LTP
25
CBOS i KBPN Youth
survey(students 18-19 years old)
LTP
20
15
11.4
10.5
10
10
10
5.2
5
3.5
3
1.4
0
2007
Survey among needles and
syringes clients (LMP,
mefedron)
12
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
year
1.3
2013
2014
2015
2016
Using NPS among youth
in Poland – Lifetime prevalence in 2008-2013 (1819 years old)
31
Cannabis
Tranquilizer and sedatives
20
20
Amphetamine
7
7
2
LSD
2
2
Cocaine
Heroin
Ecstasy
Hallucinogenic mushrooms
Cough syrups
NPS
1
3
2010
4
2013
2
2
3
22
2008
3
3
40
9
3
3
3
Inhalants
36
6
4
4
3
4
5
4
5
11
Prevalence of substance use in the last 30 days in 20082014 (%), study among HR programs)
70
61
60
60
52
50
40
39
36
amphetamine
cocaine/crack
30
mephedrone
20
10
8
10
12
9
6
5
0
0
2008
2010
2012
2014
ESPAD (age 17-18 )
Thank you very much!