Transcript The Policy gaming - Cluj School of Public Health

Policy gaming
A different intervention
Petru Sandu MD, PhD(c)
July 8, 2014
Outline
Gaming/Simulation
Policy games - Definition
Gaming applications
The REPOPA project experience
Resources
Gaming/Simulation - History
Early war games: Czar Peter the Great (Toy
army); WWII – The East Coast War Games
Council – National Gaming Council
(Duke, 2011; Geurts, 2007)
Serious games: defense industry, education,
scientific exploration, health care,
emergency management, city planning,
engineering, politics
Gaming/Simulation - Functions
Groups motivation
Ice-breaking activities
Training/Education in schools or
organizations
Policy making
(Duke, 2004)
Gaming – objectives
Gaming is a strategic tool for organizations
which are required to enter uncharted territory
• Provide an “as real as possible” learning
opportunity for the development of core
competencies and skills.
• Help develop confidence and ownership
• Reduce fear of the unknown
• Make strategies doable in the eyes of the
doers
Policy Games - Definition
“Safe environments” where people who
have a key role in confronting major
problems can bring their knowledge and
skills to the forefront of the strategic debate.
Simulation created to aid policy makers with
a specific issue of strategic management.
(Duke RD, Geurts J, 2004)
Policy Games – policy analysis
Methodology for participatory policy analysis
(PPA)
Policy analysis: process aimed at producing and
transforming policy relevant information so that
it may be utilized in political settings to resolve
policy problems.
(Dunn, 1988)
Participatory: a greater involvement in policy
analysis of those who affect and are affected by
a policy problem.
(Durning, 1993)
From real life to policy game
• Selection of critical
variables
• Face-to-face groups
• Role playing
• Time compression
• Scale reduction of
the phenomena
• Simplification
• Use of analogies
• Replication
Games - Examples
Strategy Making in a University Hospital – How was
the Hospital to work more closely with local health
institutions?
Globalization and Pharmaceutical Research &
Development—Should the company attempt to
increase productivity by developing an R&D facility in
Europe?
(Duke RD, 2011)
Can Gaming of Social Policy Issues Help Translate
Good Intentions into Change?
(RAND Drug Policy Research Center, 1993)
REPOPA Project Experience
Thinking in systems
Systems analysis
Game development
Conducting the game
Game evaluation
Thinking in systems
• First step in building a policy game
• Analyze the real-life situation that has to be
simulated
• Local Health Enhancing Physical Activity
Policymaking
– Structure
– Process
• Aim of the game: Increase contact and
collaboration between local level
stakeholders
Systems analysis
• Who are the actors involved in local HEPA
policymaking in Romania?
• What are the actors’ HEPA related goals and
responsibilities?
• Who do they interact with in the policy
process?
• What are the relations between actors?
(subordination, financial aid, collaboration,
etc.)
• Leadership and driving forces in HEPA
policymaking
Local HEPA policymaking in Romania
Cluj Napoca municipality
Explanation of relations
Guidance
(advice, prioritize)
Give feedback
Direct
conversation and
interaction
(requirements,
wishes)
Formal acceptance
Informal
acceptance
Gives direction to
law, acts and
interventions
Interaction of
knowledge
Discussion of
issues between
sectors/committees
Finances and
sometimes
guidance +
allocates available
resources, such as
infrastructure
Game Development
•
•
•
•
Determine game topic
Recruit participants
Develop game materials
Organize the team: lead, co-lead,
observers
• Logistics
Conducting the game
• Project presentation
• Policy gaming presentation: topic,
dynamics
• Micro cycle 1 (μC1)
• μC1 – evaluation: internal and external
• Micro cycle 2 (μC2)
• μC2 – evaluation: internal and external
• Final evaluation/debriefing
Policy game evaluation
• Pre-post intervention questionnaires to
participants
• Debriefing session with observers
• Analyzing observation sheets
Resources
The International Simulation and Gaming
Association
http://www.isaga.com/
Simulation & Gaming: An Interdisciplinary
Journal of Theory, Practice and Research
http://intl-sag.sagepub.com/
Resources
Bibliography
1. Duke RD. Gaming - The Future’s Language,
Sage Publications, 1974
2. Duke RD, Geurts J. Policy Games for Strategic
Management, Dutch University Press, 2004.
3. Guerts J, Duke RD, Vermeulen AM. Policy
Gaming for Strategy and Change. Long
Range Planning 2007, (40): 535-558
References
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Guerts J, Duke RD, Vermeulen AM. Policy Gaming for Strategy and
Change. Long Range Planning 2007, (40): 535-558
Duke RD, Geurts J. Policy Games for Strategic Management, Dutch
University Press, 2004.
Dunn WN. Methods of the second type: Coping with the
wilderness of conventional policy analysis. Policy Studies Review
1998, 7(4), 720±737.
Durning D. Participatory policy analysis in a social service agency: A
case study. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 1993, 12
(2), 297±322.
Kahan JP, Greenwood PW, Rydell CP, Schwabe W, Williams BR. Can
Gaming of Social Policy Issues Help Translate good Intentions into
Change? Rand Drug Policy Research Center, 1993.
(http://www.rand.org/pubs/issue_papers/IP122.html)
Duke RD. Origin and Evolution of Policy Simulation: A Personal
Journey. Simulation & Gaming, 2011.